1,720,962 research outputs found
Disposable Income of Farm People
Get PDFThe United States Department of Agriculture publishes regularly a variety of estimates that
measure the overall income position of farming and farm people. During the last decade
and a half, however, the tremendous growth in Federal income taxes has clouded the significance
of many of the before-tax figures on farmers' incomes. In this paper, the author attempts
to measure the income that remains to farm people after payment of income and other personal
taxes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Governmental Problems on the Urban Fringe
Get PDFBeset with many complex problems of its own, agriculture is perhaps entitled to the view
that one which does not concern rural areas is metropolitan development and government.
But the theme of this article is that metropolitan problems do concern agriculture.
Urbanization, and in particular the massive movement of population into suburban communities
and the open country beyond, do force many adjustments on rural communities.
How rural people respond will not only govern the survival of agriculture in large areas
of the Nation, but also will shape the urban landscape for generations to come. Nearly
every large metropolis in recent years has undertaken studies of its growth trends and
future prospects. They have tried to anticipate requirements for streets, schools, parks,
water, sewers, and other public facilities. Economists, sociologists, and students of government
have contributed studies, but with very few exceptions they take the viewpoint
of the central city or the urban portions of the metropolitan area, and focus on policy
issues in the city and the suburb. Students have largely ignored the effect of urban
expansion on surrounding rural areas and policy questions that face these communities.
This article considers some of the ways in which, urbanization bears on agriculture and
rural communities, and attempts to identify policy choices open to local government in or
near metropolitan areas. By implication, the author raises some questions on which
research is needed to enable rural communities to make decisions that will serve their own
interest and that of the growing urban centers
Some Effects of Suburban Residential Development on Local Finances
Get PDFRecent population trends have transformed many rural farming communities into residential
suburbs. The changing pattern of land use has had important effects on farmland
values and on farm property taxes. It has also placed a strain on the financial resources
of local government. Especially where local units are small and lack economic diversification,
problems of supplying necessary governmental services to a growing population
may become severe. This study examines the financial problems brought on by the process
of suburbanization in four school districts of Wisconsin. The situation described is
similar to that found in the school districts of many other areas where development of
suburbs has been rapid and where financial resources are restricted by the small size
of local governmental units. In some States, school district consolidation offers a partial
solution to the problems such communities face. Other measures to be considered include
more effective land use planning and zoning laws, improved property tax administration,
possible use of nonproperty forms of local taxation, and perhaps an altered division of
financial responsibility between States and their local subdivisions for school financing.
The author acknowledges the contribution of Arthur J. W alrath,, of the Farm Economics
Research Division, ARS, who supplied, or helped in the collection of, most of the data
used in this study, and who gave many valuable comments on an earlier draft of the report
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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