2,091 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Establishing consciousness in non-communicative patients: a modern-day version of the Turing test
No full textIn a recent study of a patient in a persistent vegetative state, [Owen, A. M., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Davis, M. H., Laureys, S., & Pickard, J. D. (2006). Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science, 313, 1402] claimed that they had demonstrated the presence of consciousness in this patient. This bold conclusion was based on the isomorphy between brain activity in this patient and a set of conscious control subjects, obtained in various imagery tasks. However, establishing consciousness in unresponsive patients is fraught with methodological and conceptual difficulties. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the current debate surrounding consciousness in VS patients has parallels in the artificial intelligence (AI) debate as to whether machines can think. Basically, (Owen et al., 2006) used a method analogous to the Turing test to reveal the presence of consciousness, whereas their adversaries adopted a line of reasoning akin to Searle's Chinese room argument. Highlighting the correspondence between these two debates can help to clarify the issues surrounding consciousness in non-communicative agents. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Fabrieksschema betreffende de "Bereiding van Magnesium uit Zeewater": Deel I
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische Procestechnologie Deel II zie: Deeg, J.F., Chemical Process Design 1101DelftChemTechApplied Science
Beatty, J.F., and the Law of Manslaughter
Get PDFIn this article, the author argues that the recent Supreme Court of Canada decisions in R. v. Beatty and R. v. J.F. have clarified several of the issues that have plagued the increasingly complicated offence of manslaughter. In particular, the decisions address the redundancy among the many manslaughter provisions in the Criminal Code, the need to define a clear separation between actus reus and mens rea, and the need to establish distinct categories of objective fault for different types of manslaughter offences. The author examines the legal background of these decisions as well as the current state of the law. He concludes by identifying emerging issues relating to the offence of manslaughter, arguing that the law remains convoluted and in need of urgent reform despite the progress made in the Beatty and J.F. decisions
Thought translation, tennis and Turing tests in the vegetative state
Get PDFBrain damage can cause massive changes in consciousness levels. From a clinical and ethical point of view it is desirable to assess the level of residual consciousness in unresponsive patients. However, no direct measure of consciousness exists, so we run into the philosophical problem of other minds. Neurologists often make implicit use of a Turing test-like procedure in an attempt to gain access to damaged minds, by monitoring and interpreting neurobehavioral responses. New brain imaging techniques are now being developed that permit communication with unresponsive patients, using their brain signals as carriers of messages relating to their mental states. © The Author(s) 2009
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