1,721,085 research outputs found
Survival of children with bone sarcoma in Europe since 1978: results from the EUROCARE study.
No full textMalignant bone tumours in children are rare, accounting for approximately 5% of all childhood cancers in European countries. In the EUROCARE childhood cancer study, there were 1785 registrations from 16 countries for bone cancers in patients aged 0--14 years during 1978--1989. Of this total, almost three-quarters were contributed by childhood cancer registries in Germany and the UK. Estimated 5-year survival rates were 52% for osteosarcoma and 50% for Ewing's sarcoma over the entire study period and 60% for both diagnostic groups in 1985--1989. For osteosarcoma, survival rates increased substantially until about 1985, but then showed no further improvement. For Ewing's sarcoma, there was a steady increase throughout the study period. Improvements in survival which had previously been reported from individual countries and in clinical series are confirmed as having taken place throughout much of Europe on a population basis
Survival of children with Wilms' tumour in Europe.
No full textAbstract
A total 2535 cases of Wilms' tumours registered in children aged 0--14 years by 34 population-based cancer registries in 16 countries of Europe in 1978--1992 and followed-up until the end of 1994 were included in this EUROCARE study. Overall 5-year observed survival of all children diagnosed in 1985--1989 was 83%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 80--85. Relatively large differences were observed between the European countries, with significantly lower survival of patients registered in the formerly socialist countries, Estonia, Poland and Slovakia. Overall European survival was slightly lower in comparison with results reported from the USA and Australia, which demonstrate a potential for improvement. Over the study period, overall survival adjusted for age, sex and country has increased significantly. This favourable trend is attributed primarily to improvements in treatment, particularly to the introduction of new chemotherapeutic agents
Survival of children with soft-tissue sarcoma in Europe since 1978: results from the EUROCARE study.
No full textAbstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas account for 5--8% of all childhood cancers in European countries. In the EUROCARE childhood cancer study, there were 2163 registrations from 17 countries for soft-tissue sarcomas in patients aged 0--14 years during 1978--1989. Of this total, three-quarters were contributed by childhood cancer registries in Germany and the UK. Age-standardised 5-year survival rates of children diagnosed during 1985--1989 were 65% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56--72) for rhabdomyosarcoma, 68% (95% CI 58--77) for fibrosarcoma, 78% (95% CI: 64--87) for other specified soft-tissue sarcomas except Kaposi's and 51% (95% CI 37--65) for 'unspecified' soft-tissue sarcomas. Survival rates increased steadily throughout the 12-year study period for all soft-tissue sarcomas combined, but the increase took place predominantly in the early 1980s for rhabdomyosarcoma. Improvements in survival which had previously been reported from individual countries and in clinical series are confirmed as having taken place throughout much of Europe on a population basis. In a supplementary analysis, there was little indication of a further improvement during 1990--1992
Childhood cancer survival in Europe, 1978-1992: the EUROCARE study.
No full textThis special issue of the European Journal of Cancer (EJC) comprises a set of 16 papers which analyse and discuss the survival rates for children diagnosed with cancer during the period of 1978–1992 in more than 30 European Cancer Registries. Based on survival data from 45 000 children, this
study is the largest in childhood cancer survival ever published. This large database allowed a meaningful analysis of as many as 25 different types of cancer, all defined according to the standard International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) classification. Some of these cancers are particularly rare and thus it is difficult if not impossible to study them with less extensive data sets. The second important feature of the study is that it is both registry and population-based, i.e. it considers all the cases diagnosed in the populations covered by the contributing, established cancer registries, approximately 45% of Europe, most of the former Soviet Union is not included. This means that survival patterns presented in the various papers largely reflect, the management of childhood cancer in the considered
areas and the possible lack of coverage appears to have a minor impact. Patient data were assembled and analysed through the Eurocare project, a European Union (EU) concerted action which has already generated two International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) Scientific publications on population-based survival of cancer and a
special issue in this journal on survival for adults with cancer diagnosed between 1978 and 1989. Approximately 1% of all cancer patients in the EUROCARE II project were children (0–14 years), which is more than the usual 0.5–0.7%. The data from the 30 cancer registries covering patients of all ages that had already contributed to EUROCARE II, were supplemented by additional data from four specialised paedriatic oncological registries. Among them were, the national UK and (former West) German registries which together contributed about 65% of all patients, while the inclusion of the Piemont registry roughly doubled the coverage of the Italian population to 21% and the Dutch childhood leukaemia registry covered the entire country. The
methods of survival analysis had already been developed and standardised and comprise among others age and gender-standardised comparisons. The first two papers provide the rationale of population-based survival studies, the sources and methods of data collection and analysis. As always in observational studies, problems and biases are exposed that may hamper straightforward interpretation of results. Sometimes incompleteness may play a role in part inherent to
referral data and the type of involved specialists, e.g. neurosurgeons or endocrinologists.The last two papers are also general: the first presents cancer mortality trends from the World Health Organization (WHO)-database since 1955, including also deceased children at age 15–19 years, a summary analysis tries to draw conclusions concerning both the trends in survival since 1978 and geographical variation during 1985 to 1989, for all except the rarest tumours. The 13 cancer or tract specific papers present and discuss the survival characteristics of childhood cancers, grouped according to the main categories of the ICCC classification. Both age-specific and age-standardised rates are analysed
according to gender, country and period of diagnosis. Trends in survival could always be estimated by Cox regression analysis. The survival rates are not only used for comparisons within Europe, often after age adjustment, but also for comparisons with valuable results from the SEER programme, that covered about 10% of American children during the 1980s, and from population-based series in Australia, Canada and Japan. The comparisons of the data with the survival
results from the USA will be continued. About 50 authors wrote the four overview and the 13 tumour-specific papers, some of them with multiple contributions, and with a more than supervisory role for the guest editors who all came from the EUROCARE group. Most of the papers were multidisciplinary, involving cancer epidemiologists and biostatisticians, as well as paediatric oncologists. They and other specialised clinicians assisted in the interpretation of thefindings, by considering the results of clinical trials in the various countries. Two well-known experts in childhood cancer epidemiology (Eva Kramarova and Benedetto Terracini) and with respect to mortality (Fabio Levi) collaborated with the EUROCARE group in this work. Furthermore, the EJC editor for paediatric oncology Jon Pritchard also provided valuable comments. In most countries in Europe, paediatric oncology was organised nationally during the 1970s, although this may not have happened until the 1980s or even the 1990s in other countries. Very likely, improvements may have been realised in the meantime and differences in survival between countries may have disappeared. The data presented here mainly describe survival during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The large sample in this special issue is however a necessary baseline reference for the evaluation of more recent survival data. Fortunately, EUROCARE-3 is already in progress and results from a subsequent analysis of these data until 1995 can be expected within a year. It will also include more long-term data. In the meantime, the data in this special issue will undoubtedly raise discussion. Hopefully, the situation has improved especially in the countries with the poorest prognosis in these analyses presented in this issue. One source of bias that has the potential to jeopardise comparability in future studies, derives from naıve privacy rules that would demand informed consent from parents instead of implied consent with the opportunity to opt-out, which they never do. It is time that parent groups have a real say in this matter. They know that it is in their interest that true comparability emerges in Europe and the obscurantism of the past is left behind
Survival of children with bone sarcoma in Europe since 1978: results from the EUROCARE study.
No full textAbstract
Malignant bone tumours in children are rare, accounting for approximately 5% of all childhood cancers in European countries. In the EUROCARE childhood cancer study, there were 1785 registrations from 16 countries for bone cancers in patients aged 0--14 years during 1978--1989. Of this total, almost three-quarters were contributed by childhood cancer registries in Germany and the UK. Estimated 5-year survival rates were 52% for osteosarcoma and 50% for Ewing's sarcoma over the entire study period and 60% for both diagnostic groups in 1985--1989. For osteosarcoma, survival rates increased substantially until about 1985, but then showed no further improvement. For Ewing's sarcoma, there was a steady increase throughout the study period. Improvements in survival which had previously been reported from individual countries and in clinical series are confirmed as having taken place throughout much of Europe on a population basis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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