277 research outputs found
Methodological and emotional challenges of studying traumatic experiences
No full textOver recent decades, there have been many reported cases of crisis, involving violent crimes, natural disasters, or terrorism. Such extreme events expose salient and self-evident human emotions and make them easier to investigate (Stierand, 2016, Dörfler and Stierand, 2019, Dörfler and Stierand, 2009) for it is people’s lifeworld (Lebenswelt) that ties their consciousness to the objects of experience (Moran, 2000, Ihde, 1986, Husserl, 1970). Hällgren et al. (2018) have conducted a large-scale review of 138 articles in Management and Organization Studies (MOS) on extreme contexts spanning the period from 1980 to 2015. They found that when an organization is undergoing an extreme event, this either happens in an emergency context, if the event results from core activities gone wrong, like BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill, or in a disrupted context if the event has nothing to do with the core business of the organization, for example, the shooting in the offices of the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris (Hällgren et al., 2018). An important difference between these two types of extreme contexts is the possibility of preparedness; while in emergency contexts, an organization is likely to be prepared for the majority of events, it is improbable in disrupted contexts where the events usually catch the organization off guard (Hällgren et al., 2018). It is clear from the above that emergency and disrupted contexts can lead to trauma when they overwhelm people's coping mechanisms (see Van der Kolk, 1998, Young, 1995). In this paper, we introduce a vignette that describes a disrupted context in which the events caused traumatic experiences. The vignette was composed by the first-named author based on a Doctors without Borders’ (MSF) archival report. This vignette offers an immediate and intuitive understanding of traumatic experiences of MSF employees but also of the phenomenal complexity, both methodologically and emotionally, that MOS researchers are facing when studying traumatic experiences caused by extreme events
Childhood, Kitsch, and Mannequins. The Magical Experience of Walter Benjamin and Bruno Schulz
No full textIn this article, presented in July 2005 at the Cerisy-la-Salle symposium on Walter Benjamin, the author attempts to highlight some similarities in thought and inspiration between Benjamin and Bruno Schulz, particularly in their approach to childhood and their fascination with kitsch, knick-knacks, wigs, and mannequins. Marc Sagnol begins by comparing Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood with Schulz’ Cinnamon Shops, noting the importance for both writers of the ‘imperial panorama’ or ‘panopticon’ of their childhood, and of the theater as a metaphysical event that divides the world into an immediate and a fictitious reality. Just as Schulz has a predilection for junk and all things futile, mannequins, wax figure cabinets, and postage stamps from exotic or lost countries, so Benjamin is interested in the nineteenth-century ‘kitsch’, which he theorizes in Passages, collectors, wax figures from the Musée Grévin, automata and curiosity cabinets that he finds in the passages. A troubling example of their intellectual a nities is their shared interest in Anna Csillag, the woman with long hair whom Benjamin thought he saw in a wigmaker’s window in a passageway, while for Schulz, this character discovered in an almanac is like the matrix of the Book itself, in a famous fragment of the Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass.In conclusion, Sagnol imagines a meeting that could have taken place between the two writers, in a passageway or at the Musée Grévin, during Schulz’s stay in Paris in August 1938. Unfortunately, Benjamin was at that time playing chess in Denmark with his friend Brecht.This text partially inspired a literary work, À Paris, égaré, by Dominique Hérody (2019)
Frozen in time : unfolding experiences in archival process data
No full textThis paper is a first step towards gaining a better understanding of how to methodologically work out the unfolding of experiences through using archival process data. In recent years, management and organization scholars have used archival data to identify temporal phases (Bingham and Kahl, 2013), reveal the unfolding of these temporal observations in the data (Jay, 2013), and compare them in terms of time series (Lok and De Rond, 2013). We focus on eight qualitative research papers using archival process data that appeared in the seminal Special Research Forum on Process Studies of Change in Organization and Management published in 2013 in the Academy of Management Journal. We fully acknowledge that this is a narrow focus on the already existing and much larger literature on archival process data, but we argue that it is a legitimate starting point to address some of the pertinent questions still prevailing in this stream of research. Furthermore, we look at the eight selected papers through the lens of a qualitative research project on strategists working for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and their archived experiences amid extraordinarily complex and uncertain contexts such as the Genocide of Rwandan Tutsi in 1994. In doing so, we discuss our methodological struggle of unearthing the temporal changing of experiences in archival data. That is, how can we work out the processual unfolding of experiences in archival data
Performer\u27s Manual: Benjamin Godard\u27s Unpublished Concerto pour Violon Op. 29
No full textThis document will explore and serve as a study guide for the student and performer of an autograph manuscript work recently re-discovered in the archives of the Bibliotheque National de France written by the French composer Benjamin Godard. Examining typographical, musical, and historical aspects of this work the author hopes to secure its place bibliographically and compositionally. All commentary is based on the original autograph manuscript housed at the Bibliotheque National de France, with all excerpts in this document scanned from that original. As a component of this project, this score was typeset in Finale and performed in a lecture recital at the University of Nebraska with pianist Dr. Denis Plutalov
Dzieciństwo, kicz i manekiny. Magiczne doświadczenia i przeżycia Waltera Benjamina i Brunona Schulza
No full textIn this article, presented in July 2005 at the Cerisy-la-Salle symposium on Walter Benjamin, the author attempts to highlight some similarities in thought and inspiration between Benjamin and Bruno Schulz, particularly in their approach to childhood and their fascination with kitsch, knick-knacks, wigs, and mannequins. Marc Sagnol begins by comparing Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood with Schulz’ Cinnamon Shops, noting the importance for both writers of the ‘imperial panorama’ or ‘panopticon’ of their childhood, and of the theater as a metaphysical event that divides the world into an immediate and a fictitious reality. Just as Schulz has a predilection for junk and all things futile, mannequins, wax figure cabinets, and postage stamps from exotic or lost countries, so Benjamin is interested in the nineteenth-century ‘kitsch’, which he theorizes in Passages, collectors, wax figures from the Musée Grévin, automata and curiosity cabinets that he finds in the passages. A troubling example of their intellectual a nities is their shared interest in Anna Csillag, the woman with long hair whom Benjamin thought he saw in a wigmaker’s window in a passageway, while for Schulz, this character discovered in an almanac is like the matrix of the Book itself, in a famous fragment of the Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass.In conclusion, Sagnol imagines a meeting that could have taken place between the two writers, in a passageway or at the Musée Grévin, during Schulz’s stay in Paris in August 1938. Unfortunately, Benjamin was at that time playing chess in Denmark with his friend Brecht.This text partially inspired a literary work, À Paris, égaré, by Dominique Hérody (2019).In this article, presented in July 2005 at the Cerisy-la-Salle symposium on Walter Benjamin, the author attempts to highlight some similarities in thought and inspiration between Benjamin and Bruno Schulz, particularly in their approach to childhood and their fascination with kitsch, knick-knacks, wigs, and mannequins. Marc Sagnol begins by comparing Benjamin’s Berlin Childhood with Schulz’ Cinnamon Shops, noting the importance for both writers of the ‘imperial panorama’ or ‘panopticon’ of their childhood, and of the theater as a metaphysical event that divides the world into an immediate and a fictitious reality. Just as Schulz has a predilection for junk and all things futile, mannequins, wax figure cabinets, and postage stamps from exotic or lost countries, so Benjamin is interested in the nineteenth-century ‘kitsch’, which he theorizes in Passages, collectors, wax figures from the Musée Grévin, automata and curiosity cabinets that he finds in the passages. A troubling example of their intellectual a nities is their shared interest in Anna Csillag, the woman with long hair whom Benjamin thought he saw in a wigmaker’s window in a passageway, while for Schulz, this character discovered in an almanac is like the matrix of the Book itself, in a famous fragment of the Sanatorium under the Sign of the Hourglass.In conclusion, Sagnol imagines a meeting that could have taken place between the two writers, in a passageway or at the Musée Grévin, during Schulz’s stay in Paris in August 1938. Unfortunately, Benjamin was at that time playing chess in Denmark with his friend Brecht.This text partially inspired a literary work, À Paris, égaré, by Dominique Hérody (2019)
Studying reflecting on becoming : some philosophical reference points
No full textWe developed a systemic process framework for reflecting on becoming that we currently employ to study graduate students’ reflecting on becoming. We describe the process of reflecting on becoming as a systemic process of continuous self-making and discuss some philosophical reference points by building on process philosophy. We conclude that, in order to achieve understanding in a study following process philosophy, researchers need to liberate themselves from the predominantly normative and positivist approaches and embrace the notion of research indirection so as to immerse themselves in the phenomena unfolding around them, attending to their sensual as well as mental experiences
Making discrete decisions based on continuous values
No full textThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-102).Many safety-critical software systems are cyber-physical systems that compute with continuous values; confirming their safety requires guaranteeing the accuracy of their computations. It is impossible for these systems to compute (total and deterministic) discrete computations (e.g., decisions) based on connected input spaces such as R. We propose a programming language based on constructive topology, whose types are spaces and programs are executable continuous maps, that facilitates making formal guarantees of accuracy of computed results. We demonstrate that discrete decisions can be made based on continuous values by permitting nondeterminism. This thesis describes variants of the programming language allowing nondeterminism and/or partiality, and introduces two tools for creating nondeterministic programs on spaces. Overlapping pattern matching is a generalization of pattern matching in functional programming, where patterns need not represent decidable predicates and also may overlap, allowing potentially nondeterministic behavior in overlapping regions. Binary covers, which are pairs of predicates such that at least one of them holds, yield a formal logic for constructing approximate decision procedures.by Benjamin Sherman.S.M
Author Correction: Attributes and predictors of long COVID
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, linkage of the following authors to affiliation 3 (Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK) was incorrect: Benjamin Murray, Thomas Varsavsky, Mark S. Graham, Kerstin Klaser, Michela Antonelli, Liane S. Canas, Erika Molteni, Marc Modat, M. Jorge Cardoso and Sebastien Ourselin. The correct linkage is to affiliation 1 (School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK). The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.</p
The discovery of SycO reveals a new function for type three secretion effector chaperones
No full textThe Type Three Secretion (T3S) system is a device used by many Gram-negative pathogens that allows bacteria to deliver effector proteins straight into the eukaryotic cell cytosol. These effectors interfere with various signaling pathways to subvert the host cell functions. The secretion machinery of the T3S system consist of a basal body spanning the bacterial inner and outer membrane followed by a stiff hollow needle outside the bacterium. The fully assembled secretion apparatus constitute a continuous hollow conduit that connects the bacteria to the eukaryotic target cell. After cell contact, virulence proteins -called effectors- are injected directly into the cytosol of the host cell via the T3S apparatus. Several effectors of the T3S system require the assistance of specific cytosolic chaperones to be efficiently exported. There are three classes of T3S chaperones. Effector proteins are assisted by Class I chaperones. Although Class I chaperones are well characterized, their main function is still a matter of controversy. In this thesis, we demonstrate that orf155 encodes a specific chaperone for the effector YopO that we called SycO. We showed that SycO enhances YopO secretion in vitro and is required for translocation of YopO into infected cells. By pulldown assay we demonstrated that residues 20 to 77 of YopO are required and sufficient for SycO binding. Using crosslinking experiments and size exclusion chromatography analysis, we determined the stoichiometry of purified SycO and YopO-SycO complexes. SycO alone forms dimers in solution and the YopO-SycO complex has a 1:2 stoichiometry. These results suggested that SycO is a typical chaperone of the Class I. YopO is a serine/theronine kinase that interacts with Rho and Rac and disrupts the cytoskeleton of the target cells. YopO has been shown to localize at the cell plasma-membrane. By transfection of YopO-EGFP hybrid proteins into HEK293T cells, we demonstrated that the chaperone-binding domain (CBD) coincides with the membrane localization domain of YopO. Nevertheless, the CBD was not needed for the kinase activity of YopO. By ultracentrifugation, we also showed that the CBD causes YopO aggregation in the bacteria, when SycO does not cover it. Further, we show that the CBD of YopE and YopT also caused aggregation in the bacteria in the absence of SycE and SycT respectively. YopE, YopT and T3S effectors in other systems also act at the membrane of the eukaryotic host cell. We propose a new hypothesis concerning the role of T3S chaperones. The sub-cellular localization domain of effectors is aggregation-prone and creates the need for a chaperone inside bacteria. We propose that masking such aggregation-prone localization domains may be a general function for type III effector chaperones
Author Correction: Attributes and predictors of long COVID
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, linkage of the following authors to affiliation 3 (Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK) was incorrect: Benjamin Murray, Thomas Varsavsky, Mark S. Graham, Kerstin Klaser, Michela Antonelli, Liane S. Canas, Erika Molteni, Marc Modat, M. Jorge Cardoso and Sebastien Ourselin. The correct linkage is to affiliation 1 (School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK). The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
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