1,720,990 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fungi in relation to health in man and animal
Get PDFThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi.
Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.This paper principally concerns poisonous symbiotic and parasitic fungi attacking foodstuffs, and includes those containing the poison within themselves, for example, ergot, and those producing harmful substances in the foodstuffs on which they grow.
It commences with a historical survey of records of fungus-infected foodstuffs, followed by a consideration of the toxic constituents of fungi and infected foodstuffs, and immunity to such poisoning, both natural and acquired.
Details are then presented, in tabular form, of experiments conducted to determine the harmful effects of fungus-infected foodstuffs. These do not lend themselves to abstraction and the original should be consulted by those interested.
According to the author, all fungus-infected foodstuffs should be considered poisonous until extensive feeding experiments have shown the contrary to be the case. Some cases of suspected food poisoning appear to be either botulism or parabotulism. So-called " fresh hay poisoning " is still a mystery. Different animals display marked differences in susceptibility to fungus-infected foodstuffs. Regarding harmful mouldy foodstuffs, it is stated that it could be fed to some animals with impunity, provided that the quantity fed did not exceed 10 per cent. of the total ration.
The toxicity of Lolium temulentum (darnel) to man and animals is due to an alkaloid, temulin, present in grain attacked by Endoconidium temulentum. Two rabbits, a pig and a dog fed on fungus-infected darnel suffered no ill effects.mn201
Using a Dynamical Approach for Implementing Ammonia Emissions into WRF-Chem Over Europe
No full textThis paper presents the influence of an emission approach applied (fixed and dynamical) on calculated ammonia concentration and model performance. We simulated with the WRF-Chem model a winter (January) and an early spring period (March) of 2012 for the entire Europe. Regardless of a relatively coarse resolution (36 km x 36 km) of the WRF-Chem simulations and the Europe-wide default settings applied in the dynamic ammonia model, the modelled concentrations are improved significantly by applying a dynamical emission instead of using a fixed emission profile
The burden of prenatal and early life maternal substance use among children at risk of maltreatment: A systematic review.
No full textIssues: Although maternal substance use is a known risk factor for child maltreatment, evidence on the scale of substance use is needed to inform prevention responses. This systematic review synthesised prevalence estimates of maternal substance use during pregnancy and early life among children at risk of maltreatment. Ovid, Pubmed, CINAHL, PsychInfo and ProQuest databases were searched. We included observational studies that sampled children at risk of maltreatment in high-income countries and reported information on maternal substance use during pregnancy and/or the child’s first year of life. We extracted study characteristics and data to calculate prevalence, assessed risk of bias and conducted a narrative synthesis; there were insufficient comparable populations or outcomes to quantitatively synthesise results. Key Findings: Thirty five of 14,084 titles were included. Fifteen studies had adequately sized and representative samples to estimate prevalence. Maternal substance use prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 40.6%. Maternal substance use was highest among infants referred to child protection at birth (40.6%) and children in out-of-home care (10.4% to 37.2%). Prevalence was higher when studies defined substance use more broadly and when maternal substance use was ascertained from both child and mother records. Implications: Supportive, coordinated responses to maternal substance use are needed from health and child protection services, spanning alcohol and other drug treatment, antenatal and postnatal care. Conclusions: Prenatal and early life maternal substance use is common among child maltreatment populations, particularly among younger children and those with more serious maltreatment.Madeleine Powell, Rhiannon Pilkington, Bianca Varney, Alys Havard, John Lynch, Timothy Dobbins, Ju Lee Oei, Tasnia Ahmed, Kathleen Falste
Application of the WRF-Chem Model For Air Pollution Forecasting in Poland
No full textThis paper presents the first step in the development of a forecasting system for air pollution concentrations for the south-west region of Poland. We simulated a winter (January) and a summer (July) period of 2014 with WRF-Chem. The focus has been on studying different chemical options during the two simulation periods, therefore keeping emissions constant, except for natural sources. The authors have found that different model setups increase model performance for gases and particulate matter and that there is no clear dependence between forecast lead time and model performance
Future Air Quality Related Health Effects in Europe and the Nordic Region—Sensitivity to Changes in Climate, Anthropogenic Emissions, Demography and Building Stock
No full textFuture changes in population exposures to ambient air pollution are inherently linked with long-term trends in outdoor air quality, but also with changes in the building stock. Moreover, the burden of disease is further driven by the ageing of the European populations. This study aims to assess the impact of changes in climate, emissions, building stocks and population on air pollution related human health impacts across Europe in the future. Therefore an integrated assessment model combining atmospheric models and health impacts has been setup for projections of the future developments in air pollution related premature mortality. The focus is here on the regional scale impacts of exposure to surface ozone (O3), Secondary Inorganic Aerosols (SIA) and primary particulate matter (PPM)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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