1,720,996 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The effect of prenatal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on offspring neurodevelopment and autistic-like behaviours in a valproic acid mouse model of autism.
Full text linkDoctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restricted repetitive patterns, communication challenges and lack of social skills. ASD has no distinct biomarkers, with symptoms overlapping with related developmental disorders like
Schizophrenia. Maternal immune activation (MIA) is when the maternal immune system is
invaded by a pathogen causing an immune response that interferes with the normal fetal brain
development process. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections are common during
pregnancy and are known to affect fetal health, often causing spontaneous abortions and low
birth weights. Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer associated with
ASD when administered during pregnancy. Gestational VPA exposure of mice on Embryonic
day 12.5 (E12.5) induces ASD-traits in offspring, as such, this study employed VPA as a
positive control. This study investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) (singularly and in combination with VPA) on developmental delays and
offspring behaviour. Pregnant mice were divided into saline, VPA, Mtb, and VPA+Mtb;
treatments were administered on E12.5. Developmental milestones were measured between
post-natal day 7 (PND 7) and 28. Offspring were subjected to neurobehavioural studies to test
for social interaction and repetitive behaviours on PND 35. Ionised calcium binding molecule
1 (IBA-1) and Glial Fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC)
and cerebellum regions were analysed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect on the
BBB’s function was determined using Evans blue dye-albumin extravasation method on PND
35. Additionally, cerebellar tissues were homogenized and processed for molecular analyses
of NRXN1, NRXN2, NLGN1, NLGN2 and SHANK3 expression. Changes in expression patterns
of NRXNs and NLGNs causes an imbalance in the excitation and inhibition of neurons, a feature
associated with ASD. The Mtb treated group had significantly low litter count and high fetal
resorption compared to saline treated group. Neuroinflammation was evident in the Mtb
offspring at PND 35 as shown by a significant increase in GFAP and IBA-1 expressing
astrocytes and microglia in the PFC and cerebellum compared to saline group. The BBB’s
integrity was compromised as shown by the increased permeability to EB-dye in the PFC and
cerebellum of Mtb, VPA and VPA+Mtb offspring. The Mtb offspring also displayed systemic
inflammation and altered ASD-linked behaviours. NRXN1 and NLGN1 were overexpressed in
the cerebellum of Mtb-induced MIA offspring compared to saline offspring. Dual exposure to
VPA and Mtb restored NRXN1 expression levels, reduced astrocyte and microglia injury in the
PFC, rescued social behaviours and restored normal eye-opening patterns in offspring. The
study demonstrates impaired fetal development which persists into the post-natal period. The
impaired development was accompanied by neuroanatomical changes and behavioural patterns
consistent with ASD pathophysiology. These findings might be attributed to Mtb-induced
maternal system inflammation in pregnancy that induces fetal inflammation via the placenta
and BBB of a developing fetus causing insult in the brain. Immune dysregulation and synaptic
defects are hallmarks of ASD. We therefore conclude that prenatal Mtb infection predisposes
offspring to a higher risk of neurodevelopmental challenges later in life and dual exposure to
VPA and Mtb rescues some of these challenges
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