155 research outputs found
Enhanced magnetic moment with cobalt dopant in SnS2semiconductor
No full text© 2021 Author(s).We report the strong ferromagnetic order in van der Waals (vdW) layered SnS2 induced by cobalt substitution. The single-crystal Co-doped SnS2 grown by a self-flux method reveals a relatively high Curie temperature (TC) of ∼131 K with an in-plane magnetic easy axis and a large saturation magnetization of ∼0.65 emu g-1 for the 2 at. % Co concentration, which is two orders of magnitude larger than the previously reported value for transition-metal-doped SnS2. The average magnetic moment per Co atom, as high as 1.08 μB, is consistent with the calculated value based on density functional theory, i.e., 1 μB, indicating a negligible antiferromagnetic coupling between Co atoms. Magnetoresistance shows a change in sign from positive to negative, which further confirms the ferromagnetic order in Co-doped SnS2. Our s-p hybridized vdW layered SnS2 serves as a host semiconductor material to search for a suitable magnetic dopant with a high magnetic moment and room temperature TC for next-generation spintronics.11Nsciescopu
Conflict and the New Political Participation in Southeast Asia
No full textConsider this paradox: substantial political change including increasing political participation in Southeast Asia in the last decade has often been accompanied by a narrowing of the channels for political contestation. Neither the fact, nor the complexity, of political change in Southeast Asia or elsewhere has totally eluded theorists. Indeed, there is now greater recognition that this political change may be either heading in directions other than liberal democracy, or is manifesting in new variants of liberal democracy. The proliferation of so-called hybrid regime theory and the burgeoning literature on the quality of democracy reflects this. Such work has highlighted how problematic many of the ‘Third Wave’ transitions to democracy have proved to be. In the process, political institutions have been subjected to unprecedented detailed scrutiny and analysis by transition theorists in the attempt to characterise diverse political regimes
Nuclear magnetic resonance and specific heat studies of half-metallic ferromagnetic Heusler compounds
No full textHalf-metallic ferromagnets (HMFs), with fully spin-polarized conduction electrons, are prime candidates for optimizing spintronic devices. Many Heusler compounds (a class of ternary and quaternary intermetallics) are predicted to be HMFs, in particular Co (where is usually another transition metal, and is an s-p element). Crystal structure is controlled by thermodynamics to a large extent. Ideally, one should be able to control and optimize properties which are of interest by appropriately "tuning" the structure (e.g. annealing), but first one must understand the structure and its relation to observed physical properties. A local structural probe technique such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an essential tool for identifying and quantifying the various atomic-scale orderings. Different Heusler structure types and antisite disorders affect the material's physical properties.
In this thesis, order-disorder phenomena in both bulk and thin film samples of CoMnSi and CoMnFeSi have been systematically studied using NMR. Though it is the films which are directly implemented in actual devices, studying bulk samples as model systems provides invaluable information regarding the material properties.
The evolution of local atomic structure in numerous thin films has been shown to depend greatly on preparation parameters, including post-deposition annealing temperature, and specific stoichiometry. For CoMnSi films, the ideal post-annealing temperature for promoting the atomic structure was found; the threshold temperature above which structure continues to become higher-ordered in the bulk, but where too much interdiffusion at the buffer interface occurs, degrading the smooth interfaces necessary for high magnetoresistance ratios. NMR also adds evidence that CoMnSi (1) electrodes in magnetic tunnel junctions have highest tunneling magneto-resistance because the excess Mn suppresses the formation of detrimental Co antisites.
A systematic investigation of several thermal and magnetic properties, including Sommerfeld coefficients, Debye temperatures, saturation magnetic moments, spin-wave stiffness, and magnon specific heat coefficient, were measured for selected Co-based ternary and quaternary Heusler compounds. Obtained values were compared with theoretical ones calculated using electronic band structure methods. It has been systematically shown that adding a magnon term to the specific heat has a negligible effect on the electronic contribution in all cases
CONTRACT VIOLATIONS, NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS, AND WAGE ARREARS IN RUSSIA
No full textWe present a model of neighborhood effects in wage payment delays. Positive feedback arises because each employer’s arrears affect the late payment costs faced by other firms in the same local labor market, resulting in a strategic complementarity in the practice. The model is estimated on panel data for workers and firms in Russia, facilitating identification through the use of a rich set of covariates and fixed effects for employees, employers, and local labor markets. We also exploit a policy intervention affecting public sector workers that provides an instrumental variable to estimate the endogenous reaction in the non-public sector. Consistently across specifications, the estimated reaction function displays strongly positive neighborhood effects, and the estimates of four feedback loops – operating through worker quits, effort, strikes, and legal penalties – imply that costs of delays are attenuated by neighborhood arrears. We also study a nonlinear case exhibiting two stable equilibria: a “punctual payment equilibrium” and a “late payment equilibrium.” The estimates imply that the theoretical conditions for multiple equilibria under symmetric local labor market competition are satisfied in our data.wage arrears, contract violation, neighborhood effect, social interactions, multiple equilibria, network externality, strategic complementarity, transition, Russia.
Explaining Myanmar's Regime Transition: The Periphery is Central
No full textIn 2010, Myanmar (Burma) held its first elections after 22 years of direct military rule. Few compelling explanations for this regime transition have emerged. This article critiques popular accounts and potential explanations generated by theories of authoritarian ‘regime breakdown’ and ‘regime maintenance’. It returns instead to the classical literature on military intervention and withdrawal. Military regimes, when not terminated by internal factionalism or external unrest, typically liberalise once they feel they have sufficiently addressed the crises that prompted their seizure of power. This was the case in Myanmar. The military intervened for fear that political unrest and ethnic-minority separatist insurgencies would destroy Myanmar’s always-fragile territorial integrity and sovereignty. Far from suddenly liberalising in 2010, the regime sought to create a ‘disciplined democracy’ to safeguard its preferred social and political order twice before, but was thwarted by societal opposition. Its success in 2010 stemmed from a strategy of coercive state-building and economic incorporation via ‘ceasefire capitalism’, which weakened and co-opted much of the opposition. Having altered the balance of forces in its favour, the regime felt sufficiently confident to impose its preferred settlement. However, the transition neither reflected total ‘victory’ for the military nor secured a genuine or lasting peace
Rosenstein-Rodan and his time in Vienna
No full textABSTRACT The aim of the article is to understand the intellectual milieu of Rosenstein-Rodan’s academic training, as well as the context in which he wrote his first works and their content. To this end, the article outlines Vienna’s intellectual environment during Rosenstein-Rodan’s formative and early career years. Subsequently, the article addresses some of the works, collaborations, and research interests developed by the author in that period. Finally, it also explores his departure from the city in the midst of the rising anti-Semitism, the extensive emigration of his colleagues, and work and research opportunities abroad
Czechoslovak national socialist party in the Turnov region 1918-1938
No full textThis bachelor thesis focuses on the status and development of the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party at the time of the first Czechoslovak Republic in years 1918-1938 in the Turnov region. The thesis contains a short history of the party in the region between years 1897 and 1918. The author tried to describe the organizational structure of the National Socialist Party, it's electoral success in municipal and parliamentary elections and their causes. The bachelor thesis also focused on the relationship between National Socialist and other political parties and their ability to cooperate in local political coalitions. Parts of the thesis are the history of party's youth organization and short biographies of important members of the party. The thesis is accompanied by election results in table form and historical photographs
Tactics or mobilising participation and action: GetUp! A cast study of communicative spaces
No full textGetUp! began in 2005. It is an Australian grass-roots community advocacy organisation that aims to build an accountable and progressive Australian Parliament, and for this reason it does not support any particular political party (\u27About GetUp!, FAQ (GetUp!)\u27, n.d.). GetUp.org.au claims it is \u27an independent political movement to build a progressive Australia\u27 bringing \u27like-minded people\u27 together \u27who want to bring participation back into our democracy\u27. GetUp!\u27s website is core to the network governance of the group. GetUp members number 350,000 (about 5% of the population). Members are asked to forward the emails they receive from GetUp! to \u27five friends\u27 and, according to GetUp!, through this act messages can reach millions (28 April 2010). Thus GetUp! conducts viral snowball campaigns to create a groundswell of action through: 1) bite-size emails which inform members of the latest issue that needs political action; 2) promotional videos on YouTube; 3) advertisements in national newspapers and on national television; 4) and the development of political campaign skills through Community Organizing Workshops based on \u27Camp Obama\u27. So GetUp!\u27s aim is independent media activism mainly activated through the communicative space of the Internet. The purpose of this paper is to analyse a sample of GetUp!\u27s videos that are used as visual media tools to engage members and the wider citizenry. The author concludes that GetUp!\u27s YouTube videos are potent and effective as tactics to gain access to the \u27symbolic power\u27 of the mainstream media (Couldry 2002) and at the same time retain control over production of their campaign messages. Tactics include production of visual media to be used as an \u27information source\u27 (Grabe & Bucy 2009, p. 26), and viral communication which is effective in creating a \u27media buzz\u27 (Castells 2009, p. 334
Tactics or mobilising participation and action: GetUp! A cast study of communicative spaces
No full textGetUp! began in 2005. It is an Australian grass-roots community advocacy organisation that aims to build an accountable and progressive Australian Parliament, and for this reason it does not support any particular political party (\u27About GetUp!, FAQ (GetUp!)\u27, n.d.). GetUp.org.au claims it is \u27an independent political movement to build a progressive Australia\u27 bringing \u27like-minded people\u27 together \u27who want to bring participation back into our democracy\u27. GetUp!\u27s website is core to the network governance of the group. GetUp members number 350,000 (about 5% of the population). Members are asked to forward the emails they receive from GetUp! to \u27five friends\u27 and, according to GetUp!, through this act messages can reach millions (28 April 2010). Thus GetUp! conducts viral snowball campaigns to create a groundswell of action through: 1) bite-size emails which inform members of the latest issue that needs political action; 2) promotional videos on YouTube; 3) advertisements in national newspapers and on national television; 4) and the development of political campaign skills through Community Organizing Workshops based on \u27Camp Obama\u27. So GetUp!\u27s aim is independent media activism mainly activated through the communicative space of the Internet. The purpose of this paper is to analyse a sample of GetUp!\u27s videos that are used as visual media tools to engage members and the wider citizenry. The author concludes that GetUp!\u27s YouTube videos are potent and effective as tactics to gain access to the \u27symbolic power\u27 of the mainstream media (Couldry 2002) and at the same time retain control over production of their campaign messages. Tactics include production of visual media to be used as an \u27information source\u27 (Grabe & Bucy 2009, p. 26), and viral communication which is effective in creating a \u27media buzz\u27 (Castells 2009, p. 334
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