1,451 research outputs found
Is the Over-Education Wage Penalty Permanent?
No full textMuch has been written about the impact of over-education on wages using cross-sectional data, although there have been few studies that analyse the returns to over-education in a dynamic setting. This paper adds to the existing literature by using panel data to investigate the impact and permanence of over-education wage penalties, whilst controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Our fixed effects estimates suggest that the over-education wage penalty cannot solely be explained by unobserved heterogeneity. Over-education is permanent for many workers since around 50 percent of workers over-educated in 1991 are still over-educated in 2005. However, we also show that these workers are of lower quality compared to around 25 percent who find a match within five years of being over-educated. Finally, there is a significant scarring effect for workers over-educated in 1991 since they never fully reach parity compared to those who were matched in 1991, although this is not the case for graduates who manage to find a match within 5 years.structured uncertainty, DSGE models, robustness, Bayesian estimation, interest-rate rules
Is the Over-Education Wage Penalty Permanent?
No full textMuch has been written about the impact of over-education on wages using cross-sectional data, although there have been few studies that analyse the returns to over-education in a dynamic setting. This paper adds to the existing literature by using panel data to investigate the impact and permanence of over-education wage penalties, whilst controlling for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Our fixed effects estimates suggest that the over-education wage penalty cannot solely be explained by unobserved heterogeneity. Over-education is permanent for many workers since around 50 percent of workers over-educated in 1991 are still over-educated in 2005. However, we also show that these workers are of lower quality compared to around 25 percent who find a match within five years of being over-educated. Finally, there is a significant scarring effect for workers over-educated in 1991 since they never fully reach parity compared to those who were matched in 1991, although this is not the case for graduates who manage to find a match within 5 years.Over-education, Skills
Dalhousia McIntosh 1885
No full textDalhousia McIntosh, 1885 reinstated Dalhousia McIntosh, 1885: 186. Type species: Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885, by monotypy. Diagnosis: Hesioninae with two lateral antennae, and one median antenna on dorsal prostomial surface. Palps biarticulate, palpophores large, massive, palpostyles smaller, blunt. Eyes dark, black, brown or reddish, anterior ones larger than posterior ones, sometimes approaching each other in lateral view. Nuchal organs U-shaped. Peristomial dorsolateral and ventrolateral tubercles low, barely projected. Pharynx with upper jaw double, lower jaw transverse plate. Parapodia sesquiramous along chaetigers 1–3, biramous thereafter. Notochaetae from chaetiger 4, subdistally denticulate, delicate, sometimes abundant, usually very long, reaching neurochaetal tips. Neurochaetae compound falcigers, blades bidentate, guards approaching subdistal tooth. Etymology. McIntosh (1885: 186, footnote 2) indicated that the genus group name was named ‘after the Earl of Dalhousie, K.T.’ It was Fox Maule-Ramsay, 11 th Earl of Dalhousie (22 Apr. 1801 – 6 Jul. 1874), who under Queen Victoria was the Secretary of State for War (1855–1858) (Fryde et al. 1941). ‘K.T.’ stands for Knight of the Order of the Thistle, a Scotish order of chivalry. Gender. Feminine. Indicated by the declination of the nominative, and after the combination with the specific epithet, atlantica, used in its feminine acception to emphasize that the type specimen was found in the Atlantic Ocean. Remarks. von Marenzeller (1904: 308), Chamberlin (1919: 190), Horst (1921: 80), and Pleijel (1998: 110) regarded Dalhousia as a junior synonym of Leocrates. It is herein regarded as distinct on the bases of the above diagnosis. It can be separated from other genera in the tribe by following the key above. Roule (1896b: 454) rejected the independent status of Dalhousia McIntosh, 1885 because the morphological characters seemed insufficient, especially regarding the presence of the so-called frontal tubercle. However, McIntosh (1885: 187) included in the diagnosis the lack of median antenna. Further, Roule (1896: 454) regarded Dalhousia as a junior synonym of Fallacia de Quatrefages, 1866 probably because McIntosh (1885: 188) wrongly indicated that the pharynx was unarmed, but Fallacia is a junior synonym of Hesione Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, as indicated elsewhere (Salazar-Vallejo 2018). Roule (1906: 51) modified his perspective by clarifying that Dalhousia was proposed because it lacks median antenna, and pharyngeal jaws, and he regarded it as a junior synonym of Tyrrhena Claparède, 1868 based upon a damaged specimen and concluded that ‘Ce genre, avec son unique espèce, doit probablement disparaitre de la nomenclature.’ [This genus, with its only species, should probably disappear from nomenclature]. This conclusion was probably taken too literally, including by McIntosh himself, because he referred to Roule as the author for the species in his subsequent publications (McIntosh 1901: 227, 1908: 130). However, provided that both names refer to the same biological species, Dalhousia atlantica McIntosh, 1885 has priority over Tyrrhena atlantica Roule 1896. On the other hand, there are some differences worth mentioning based on the original descriptions. For example, McIntosh (1885:187) indicated that eyes were reddish-brown, whereas Roule (1906: 54) reported them as purple and, in the same publication, he included a figure to show some features. This difference, however, might depend on the time spent in the ethanol before the study of specimens by these authors. Then, these differences were the high variation of the relative size of eyes (Roule 1906, Pl. 5, Fig. 37), their fusion, pigmentation of nuchal organs, and insertion of the median antenna: between anterior eyes in two cases, central in one (two if figure 36 is included), and between posterior eyes in the other. Regretfully, despite McIntosh (1885: 187) indicated the eyes were placed in a pigmented prostomial area, this pigmentation was apparently not taken into account by Roule (1906) for clarifying the relative size of eyes. Further, as indicated in the above key to Hesioninae genera, Dalhousia McIntosh, 1885 is very similar to Paradalhousia n. gen. by having palps biarticulate, jaws in the pharynx, their nuchal organs as two U-shaped lobes, and parapodia are sesquiramous anteriorly and biramous posteriorly. They differ in some features of the pharynx armature and in neurochaetal pigmentation. In Dalhousia the upper jaw is double, T-shaped, and the ventral one is a transverse plate, but there are no marginal denticles, and neurochaetae are often brownish, whereas in Paradalhousia upper and lower jaws are single, fang-shaped, with a marginal circle of denticles, and neurochaetae are pale.Published as part of Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2020, Revision of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 and Leocratides Ehlers, 1908 (Annelida, Errantia, Hesionidae), pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 4739 (1) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4739.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/367254
UK apprenticeships: impacts of the levy and COVID-19
No full textIn the 2015 Queen’s Speech, the UK government set a target for a total of 3 million new apprenticeships starts in England by 2020, with the pledge confirmed by the new government in 2017. During the same period, the English apprenticeship system experienced a series of major reforms, affecting the duration, training requirements, content, technical level, and funding of apprenticeships. In particular, the government introduced an apprenticeship levy across the UK to help fund apprenticeship starts for large employers. Since April 2017, all UK employers with an annual pay bill of more than £3 million contribute 0.5% of their pay bill in excess of this threshold to the apprenticeship levy, which they can then use for funding apprenticeships. Gavan Conlon, Andy Dickerson, Steven McIntosh and Pietro Patrignani examine the impact of these various changes to the apprenticeship system on recent enrolments, and briefly describe the initial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on apprenticeships
Church that works : your one-stop resource for effective ministry
No full textThe expertise of veteran church consultant and best-selling author Gary McIntosh is now available in an easily portable format. McIntosh offers readers his invaluable insights on the church in order to help leaders make their churches more effective. It\u27s just like hiring your own church consultant, but at a fraction of the cost. This at-a-glance practical guidebook helps pastors and church leaders with a wide variety of issues, including: -reaching different generations -assimilating visitors -following trends -designing worship -danger signs of decline -and many more. Short, to-the point chapters examine trends and ministry methods that can be easily adapted to fit every church\u27s needs.https://digitalcommons.biola.edu/faculty-books/1001/thumbnail.jp
Master of my fate /
No full textChronicles Steven Fletcher's introduction of two important and controversial bills into Parliament from 2006 to 2015 that deal with the question of whether Canada should adopt physician-assisted death, and the surrounding debate
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Master of my fate /
No full textChronicles Steven Fletcher's introduction of two important and controversial bills into Parliament from 2006 to 2015 that deal with the question of whether Canada should adopt physician-assisted death, and the surrounding debate
Human Rights and the Environment
No full textThis chapter is published in the book International Human Rights Law in Aotearoa New Zealand, edited by Margaret Beddgood, Kris Gledhill and Ian McIntosh. This chapter considers whether New Zealand law should contain explicit human rights to an environment of quality. The author surveys New Zealand’s existing environmental law and compares this to International rights and standards to identify where New Zealand falls short. The chapter concludes that whilst human rights in relation to climate change provides many benefits, such as a public mechanism to influence climate change regulation, they also present problems, such as jurisdictional limits, creating the ultimate rights paradox
Human Rights and the Environment
No full textThis chapter is published in the book International Human Rights Law in Aotearoa New Zealand, edited by Margaret Beddgood, Kris Gledhill and Ian McIntosh. This chapter considers whether New Zealand law should contain explicit human rights to an environment of quality. The author surveys New Zealand’s existing environmental law and compares this to International rights and standards to identify where New Zealand falls short. The chapter concludes that whilst human rights in relation to climate change provides many benefits, such as a public mechanism to influence climate change regulation, they also present problems, such as jurisdictional limits, creating the ultimate rights paradox
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