1,721,020 research outputs found
Structure, fluid flow and mechanical, properties of carbonate/clay-hosted seismogenetic faults: case studies from the Central Apennines, Italy
Get PDFIn many seismically active countries (e.g., Italy, Greece, Turkey, China, USA) moderate to large earthquakes nucleate in and propagate through heterogeneous (i.e., consisting of carbonate, marly, and clayey deposits) sedimentary successions within the brittle upper crust (< 5 km depth), often causing surface displacement with associated damages and casualities. In particular, in the central Apennines of Italy, moderate earthquakes (< Mw 7.0) propagate through the heterogeneous carbonatic-clayey sedimentary cover up to the Earth’s surface, possibly causing surface faulting (e.g., 1915, Mw 7.0, Avezzano Earthquake; 2009, Mw 6.3, L’Aquila Earthquake. For instance, the mainshock of the recent Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake of August 24th, 2016, nucleated at ~7-8 km depth and the seismic slip propagated upward through carbonate rocks causing a ~6 km long surface rupture and deformation. Indirect studies (i.e., through seismological, geophysical, and geodetic techniques) lack of sufficient spatio-temporal resolution to constrain the detailed three-dimensional fault-zone architecture, the deformation mechanisms, and the seismic-related fluid circulation within seismogenic faults at depth. The study of exposed fault zones exhumed from shallow depth (i.e., depths < 3 km) can narrow this knowledge gap and can help in understanding how the shallow fault zone structure can promote or inhibit seismic slip propagation up to the Earth’s surface. For these reasons, in this thesis, I used a multidisciplinary approach to study exposed carbonate/clay-hosted active faults, which can be reliable analogues of buried seismogenic faults at depth, in the seismogenic domain of the central Apennines, Italy. In particular, I combined fieldwork (geological mapping and structural analysis) with laboratory studies. I used optical microscopy and FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy) to study fault rock microstructures from micro- to nanoscale. I used stable isotope analyses on calcite veins/cement, whole rock geochemistry, cathodoluminescence, and X-ray powder diffraction to study the origin and paleotemperatures of geofluids, which circulated in the fault zones, and fault rock mineralogy. I used low to high velocity friction experiments (using the Slow to High Velocity Apparatus, SHIVA, at INGV in Rome) to understand fault rock frictional properties during earthquake propagation and in situ mechanical analyses using Atomic Force Microscopy to understand fault rocks elastic properties (Young’s modulus and viscoelasticity) down to nanoscale. In particular, the main focus of this thesis is to understand the roles both of fluids and phyllosilicates during the seismic cycle within carbonate-hosted faults in the shallow carbonate-dominated brittle crust
Communism, Nations and Nationalism
No full textCommunism and nationalism had extremely varied, rapidly evolving, and relevant relationships, embodied in countless historical experiences, which proved crucial to internal developments as well as to foreign relations. The essay analyzes such relationships, privileging ideas and prototypes, in order to provide the reader with a guide to understanding the scope, plurality, relevance, and evolution of the two phenomena’s interpenetration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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