175 research outputs found
Antimicrobial-resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from the Lebanese environment
No full textThe aim of this study was to isolate and molecularly characterize Streptococcus pneumoniae in samples collected from the aquatic environment in Lebanon. For this purpose, 57 samples of ground waters, sea water, sediments and crabs were collected. Biochemical tests as well as PCR were used for further identification and molecular characterization of 46 suspected isolates using specific primers for the lytA-gene and protein 2B-gene. The confirmed isolates were evaluated for their antimicrobial resistance, using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Crab samples exhibited a high contamination level of an average count of 8.2 × 104 CFU/g. In water samples, the highest contamination was recorded near a coastal landfill with a bacterial count of 1.8 × 103 CFU/ml whereas the lowest bacterial counts (non detectable) were observed in ground water samples. Twenty out of the 46 suspected isolates came from sea water, and 17 out of those were characterized by PCR as S. pneumoniae. Testing the antimicrobial resistance of the 20 isolates to various antimicrobials showed that all sea water isolates were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin, and oxacillin (100%), whereas 62.5% were resistant to clindamycin, and only 25% were erythromycin resistant. Resistance rates were higher in the case of fresh water samples, with 57% resistance to erythromycin, and 100% resistance to vancomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin and oxacillin. Alternatively, all tested crab isolates were susceptible to erythromycin. However, they showed a high resistance of 80% against vancomycin, gentamicin, clindamycin and 100% against oxacilli
Antimicrobial-resistant patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains in the aquatic Lebanese environments
No full textThis study is the first to be conducted in Lebanon on the isolation and molecular characterization and the antimicrobial resistance profile of environmental pathogenic bacterial strains. Fifty-seven samples of seawater, sediment, crab, and fresh water were collected during the spring and summer seasons of 2003. The isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella using appropriate selective media revealed that 94.7% of the tested samples were contaminated with one or both of the tested bacteria. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to identify the species of both bacteria using various sets of primers. Many pathogenic E. coli isolates were detected by PCR out of which two were identified as O157:H7 E. coli. Similarly, the species of many of the Salmonella isolates was molecularly identified. The confirmed isolates of Salmonella and E. coli were then tested using the disk diffusion method for their susceptibility to four different antimicrobials revealing high rates of antimicrobial resistanc
Ascorbic acid induces apoptosis in adult T-cell leukemia
No full textBackground: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an acute malignancy of activated T-cells caused by the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Materials and Methods: The effects of non-cytotoxic concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) were evaluated against HTLV-1 positive and negative cells. The effect of AA on apoptosis and proliferation was evaluated by cell cycle analysis. The role of p53, p21 Bax and Bcl-2α on cell cycle modulation and apoptosis was also assessed. The anti-proliferative effects were tested by determining the changes in the expression of transforming growth factors (TGF-α, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2). Results: Ascorbic acid was found to reduce the proliferation of cells and induce apoptosis by the modulation of p53, p21, Bcl-2 and Bax. Conclusion: The results of this study show the anti-proliferative effects of AA against leukemic cells.ALEXANDROW MG, 1995, CANCER RES, V55, P1452; Bazarbachi A, 1996, J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND, V13, pS186, DOI 10.1097-00042560-199600001-00028; BISSELL MJ, 1980, P NATL ACAD SCI-BIOL, V77, P2711, DOI 10.1073-pnas.77.5.2711; BLAKESLEE JR, 1985, CANCER RES, V45, P3471; Cameron E., 1979, CANC VITAMIN C, P132; CAMERON E, 1973, ONCOLOGY-BASEL, V27, P181; Carlisle DL, 2000, TOXICOL SCI, V55, P60, DOI 10.1093-toxsci-55.1.60; Carr A, 1999, FASEB J, V13, P1007; Casciari JJ, 2001, BRIT J CANCER, V84, P1544, DOI 10.1054-bjoc.2001.1814; Douglas RM, 1998, COCHRANE DB SYST REV, DOI [10.1002-14651858.CD000980, DOI 10.1002-14651858.CD000980]; Dunker N, 2002, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V122, P1364, DOI 10.1053-gast.2002.32991; El-Sabban ME, 2000, BLOOD, V96, P2849; FOLEY GE, 1965, CANCER, V18, P522, DOI 10.1002-1097-0142(196504)18:4522::AID-CNCR28201804183.0.CO;2-J; Gackowski D, 2002, INT J CANCER, V101, P395, DOI 10.1002-ijc.10610; Groninger E, 2002, INT J ONCOL, V21, P1339; Harakeh S, 2004, CHEM-BIOL INTERACT, V148, P101, DOI 10.1016-j.cbi.2004.05.002; Harakeh S, 1995, NUTRITION, V11, P684; HARAKEH S, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P7245, DOI 10.1073-pnas.87.18.7245; Harakeh S, 1997, AIDS RES HUM RETROV, V13, P235, DOI 10.1089-aid.1997.13.235; HARAKEH S, 1994, CHEM-BIOL INTERACT, V91, P207, DOI 10.1016-0009-2797(94)90041-8; HARAKEH S, 1991, AM J CLIN NUTR, V54, pS1231; Harakeh Steve, 1994, Journal of Nutritional Medicine, V4, P393, DOI 10.3109-13590849409003588; Jamison JM, 2004, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V67, P337, DOI 10.1016-j.bcp.2003.08.040; Kanai M, 2001, GASTROENTEROLOGY, V121, P56, DOI 10.1053-gast.2001.25544; KAZAKOV SA, 1988, NATURE, V335, P186, DOI 10.1038-335186a0; LIEHR JG, 1991, AM J CLIN NUTR, V54, pS1256; Martin A, 1997, ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS, V17, P1583; MEDINA MA, 1994, BIOCHEM MOL BIOL INT, V34, P871; MORTENSEON MM, 1986, J SURG RES, V114, P302; MURATA A, 1976, J NUTR SCI VITAMINOL, V22, P347; MURATA A, 1973, AGR BIOL CHEM TOKYO, V37, P1145; NAIDU A.K., 2003, NUTR J, V2, P7; PAGANELLI GM, 1992, J NATL CANCER I, V84, P47, DOI 10.1093-jnci-84.1.47; PAVELIC K, 1985, BRAIN RES, V342, P369, DOI 10.1016-0006-8993(85)91139-4; Reddy VG, 2001, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V282, P409, DOI 10.1006-bbrc.2001.4593; SCHWARZ RI, 1991, AM J CLIN NUTR, V54, pS1247; Van Orden K, 1999, J BIOL CHEM, V274, P26321, DOI 10.1074-jbc.274.37.26321; WAHL SM, 1992, J CLIN IMMUNOL, V12, P61, DOI 10.1007-BF00918135; Wang DG, 2002, ONCOGENE, V21, P2785, DOI 10.1038-sj-onc-120537515141
Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and saprophyticus resistant to antimicrobials isolated from the Lebanese aquatic environment
No full textThe indiscriminate use of antimicrobials especially in developing countries has evoked serious bacterial resistance and led to the emergence of new and highly resistant strains of bacteria to commonly used antimicrobials. In Lebanon, pollution levels and bacterial infections are increasing at a high rate as a result of inadequate control measures to limit untreated effluent discharges into the sea or freshwater resources. The aim of this study was to isolate and molecularly characterize various Staphylococcus strains isolated from sea water, fresh water, sediments, and crab samples collected from representative communities along the coast of Lebanon. The results on the antimicrobial resistance indicated that the level of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus varied with various antimicrobials tested. The resistance patterns ranged between 45% in freshwater isolates and 54.8% in seawater ones. Fifty one percent of the tested isolates have shown resistance to at least one of the five tested antimicrobials; with seawater isolates exhibiting the highest rates of antimicrobial resistanc
Effects of nutrients on matrix metalloproteinases in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 positive and negative malignant T-lymphocytes
No full textExperimental and clinical studies have revealed the effectiveness of a specific nutrient synergy (SNS) mixture composed of ascorbic acid (AA), lysine, proline, arginine, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and other micronutrients in targeting crucial physiological mechanisms involved in cancer progression and metastasis. HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The spread and metastases of ATL as well as other tumors has been associated with matrix metalloproteinases, especially the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. The objective of this study was to investigate whether SNS, AA and EGCG affects the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and its transcriptional and translational levels in HTLV-1-positive and -negative malignant T-cells. The results indicated that SNS and EGCG caused a dose-dependent decline in the activity, transcription and translation of MMP-2 after treatment with SNS and EGCG, while AA was only able to inhibit the activity at maximum doses tested and to some extent, the protein expression levels of MMP-2, without affecting their transcriptional levels. The highest activity was noted in the case of SNS which is likely to be due to a synergistic effect of the different constituents in the formulation. These results point towards the potential integration of SNS in the anti-invasive treatment of ATL and related diseases.Annabi B, 2002, BBA-MOL CELL RES, V1542, P209, DOI 10.1016-S0167-4889(01)00187-2; Araujo Thessika Hialla Almeida, 2014, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, V0, P21, DOI 10.1590-0074-0276130587; Bazarbachi A, 2004, CANCER RES, V64, P2039, DOI 10.1158-0008-5472.CAN-03-2390; CAMERON E, 1979, CANCER RES, V39, P663; Cha J, 2013, INT J ONCOL, V42, P55, DOI 10.3892-ijo.2012.1712; Chen PN, 2011, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V59, P836; Cook LB, 2014, BLOOD, V123, P3925, DOI 10.1182-blood-2014-02-553602; Demeule M, 2000, BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M, V1478, P51, DOI 10.1016-S0167-4838(00)00009-1; Deng YT, 2011, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V59, P13318, DOI 10.1021-jf204149c; Devy J, 2011, INVEST NEW DRUG, V29, P730, DOI 10.1007-s10637-010-9410-x; Du JA, 2010, CLIN CANCER RES, V16, P509, DOI 10.1158-1078-0432.CCR-09-1713; Farabegoli F, 2011, BIOSCIENCE REP, V31, P99, DOI 10.1042-BSR20090143; Fromberg A, 2011, CANCER CHEMOTH PHARM, V67, P1157, DOI 10.1007-s00280-010-1418-6; Fu XY, 2003, J BIOL CHEM, V278, P28403, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M304739200; Gialeli C, 2011, FEBS J, V278, P16, DOI 10.1111-j.1742-4658.2010.07919.x; Harakeh S, 2014, ASIAN PAC J CANCER P, V15, P1219, DOI 10.7314-APJCP.2014.15.3.1219; Harakeh S, 1995, NUTRITION, V11, P684; Harakeh S, 2007, ANTICANCER RES, V27, P289; Harakeh S, 2006, LEUKEMIA RES, V30, P869, DOI 10.1016-j.leukres.2005.11.027; HARAKEH S, 1990, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V87, P7245, DOI 10.1073-pnas.87.18.7245; Harakeh S, 1997, AIDS RES HUM RETROV, V13, P235, DOI 10.1089-aid.1997.13.235; Harakeh S, 2008, MED ONCOL, V25, P30, DOI 10.1007-s12032-007-0036-6; HARAKEH S, 1994, CHEM-BIOL INTERACT, V91, P207, DOI 10.1016-0009-2797(94)90041-8; Harakeh S, 2010, NANOTOXICOLOGY, V4, P177, DOI 10.3109-17435390903569621; HARAKEH S, 1991, AM J CLIN NUTR, V54, pS1231; Jariwalla R J, 1996, Subcell Biochem, V25, P213; Jiang C, 2000, MOL CARCINOGEN, V29, P236, DOI 10.1002-1098-2744(200012)29:42360
Isolation, molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella and Escherichia coli Isolates from meat-based fast food in Lebanon
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterize at the molecular level the different stains of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli that were isolated from meat-based fast food in Lebanon. In addition, this study evaluated the resistance of those strains to different antimicrobials that are commonly used. The foods included were Lahm-bi-Ajeen (LBA, meat pies) and Shawarma (Lebanese meat sandwiches similar to Gyros and Donairs, containing meat, vegetables, and sesame seeds-oil-based sauce). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to characterize and identify the strains of both bacteria. Salmonella species characterization was performed using rfb genes cluster genetic marker, while that of E. coli strains were carried out based on stx1, stx2, eaeA, fliC, and ehlyA virulence markers. The characterized strains were then tested for their response to various antimicrobials. The results showed that the tested foods were contaminated with Salmonella paratyphi (serogroup A) and Shiga Toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STX-EC). The PCR showed that 75% of E. coli tested strains was positive in PCR performed with stx1 primers, one of which was eaeA positive. Two of the tested strains were positive using PCR with fliC primers.The resistances of the various strains were evaluated using the following antimicrobials: Oxacillin, Teicoplanin, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Gentamicin, Clindamycin, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Erythromycin, and Vancomycin. Bacteria were highly resistant to one or more of the tested antimicrobials. Approximately 69% of E. coli and 77.8% of Salmonella spp. exhibited resistance. Salmonella spp. were shown to be 100% resistant to four antimicrobials: Oxacillin, Teicoplanin, Clindamycin, Vancomycin, and Erythromycin, while E. coli was 100% resistant to Teicoplanin and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The most interesting findings were the high susceptibility of the E. coli to Gentamicin (100%). Highest resistance in the case of Salmonella spp. was seen against Cefotaxime (74%). Those two antimicrobials are commonly used for the treatment of enteric infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that meat-based fast foods in Lebanon could be a public health hazard, especially Shawarma, as they may act as a potential vehicle for many antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic organisms. Improper hygienic standards and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials are two of the main causes for the prevalence of these pathogenic resistance strains in Lebanon. These results will emphasize the need to implement protective measures and more emphasis will be placed on the application of hygienic practices to reduce the levels of food contaminatio
Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from dairy-based food products
No full textIn this study Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) was isolated from three traditionally consumed Lebanese dairy-based food products. One hundred and sixty four samples (45 samples of Baladi cheese, 36 samples of Shankleesh and 83 of Kishk) were collected from the Bekaa Valley in the Northeast region of Lebanon. Suspected Listeria colonies were selected and initially identified by using standard biochemical tests. Initial identification of the positive L. monocytogenes colonies was confirmed at the molecular level by Polymerase Chain Reaction (n = 30) and the confirmed isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to 10 commonly used antimicrobials. All of the 30 isolates were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes yielding a PCR product of ∼ 660 base pairs (bp). L. monocytogenes was detected in 26.67percent, 13.89percent and 7.23percent of the Baladi cheese, Shankleesh and Kishk samples, respectively. The highest resistance in L. monocytogenes isolates was noted against oxacillin (93.33percent) followed by penicillin (90percent). The results provide an indication of the contamination levels of dairy-based foods in Lebanon and highlight the emergence of multi-drug resistant Listeria in the environment. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. 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Classroom Popularity Hierarchy Predicts Prosocial and Aggressive Popularity Norms Across the School Year
No full textThis research is part of the Social Network Analyses of Risk behavior in Early adolescence (SNARE) study. Participating centers of SNARE include the Department of Sociology of the University of Groningen and the Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies of the Utrecht University. SNARE has been financially supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vernieuwingsimpuls VENI grant project number 451‐10‐012, awarded to author Jan Kornelis Dijkstra (2010), and NWO Youth & Family Program project number 431‐09‐027, awarded to Wilma Vollebergh, Jan Kornelis Dijkstra, René Veenstra, & Zeena Harakeh (2010) and NWO‐Programming Council for Educational Research project number 411‐12‐027, awarded to René Veenstra, Wilma Vollebergh, Marijtje Van Duijn, Zeena Harakeh, Jan Kornelis Dijkstra, & Christian Steglich (2013). We thank the schools, teachers, and adolescents who participated in the SNARE project, and we are thankful that Aart Franken, Kim Pattiselanno, Loes van Rijsewijk, and Lydia Laninga‐Wijnen collected the SNARE data. We thank Assistant Professor and statistician Caspar van Lissa for his useful advices on our analyses.</p
Resistance of Brucella abortus isolated from Lebanese dairy-based food products against commonly used antimicrobials
No full textConsidering the marked importance of Brucella organisms as food-borne pathogens and the lack of published literature on the evaluation of the microbiological quality of dairy-based food products in the Middle East, this study was performed to address this gap. The main aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Brucella isolates recovered from a total of 164 cultured samples of Lebanese dairy-based food products (Baladi cheese, Shankleesh and Kishk). Standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to stereotype colonies previously confirmed by biochemical tests to be Brucella strains and to distinguish between the RB51 vaccine and field Brucella strains. Real-time PCR was applied to differentiate among the various Brucella species. Confirmed PCR field Brucella abortus isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to eight commonly used antimicrobials. The highest number of resistant B. abortus isolates (n = 4 out of 6) was shown against Streptomycin and Ciprofloxacin, whereas 3 out of 6 isolates tested were resistant to Gentamicin. A lower number of resistant isolates were noted against Rifampicin, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 2 out of 6) and the lowest number for Doxycycline and Ceftriaxone (n = 1 out of 6). Such results are alarming and reflect the significance and importance of implementing more strict hygiene standards and regulations to reduce food-borne illnesses and control the excessive use of antimicrobials in this region. © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2010.Al Dahouk Sascha, 2003, Clin Lab, V49, P487; ANON JB, 1995, COMMUN DIS REP CDR W, V5, P151; Bricker BJ, 2002, VET MICROBIOL, V90, P435, DOI 10.1016-S0378-1135(02)00228-6; BRICKER BJ, 1994, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V32, P2660; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001, BAS LAB PROT PRES ID; DEBUYSER M, 2004, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V67, P1; DIANA MP, 2007, INFECT IMMUN, V75, P379; Downes F. P., 2001, COMPENDIUM METHODS M; FERNANDO AM, 2009, J BACTERIOL, V191, P2530; Gilbert R J, 2000, Commun Dis Public Health, V3, P163; HARAKEH S, 2009, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V408, P4022; Harakeh S, 2006, ENVIRON POLLUT, V143, P269, DOI 10.1016-j.envpol.2005.11.027; Hayes MC, 2001, J DAIRY SCI, V84, P292; Horwitz W, 2000, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA; LEALKLEVEZAS DS, 1995, J CLIN MICROBIOL, V33, P3087; *NAT COMM CLIN LAB, 2004, M2A6 NCCLS; OuahraniBettache S, 1996, J APPL BACTERIOL, V81, P154, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2672.1996.tb04493.x; Redkar R, 2001, MOL CELL PROBE, V15, P43, DOI 10.1006-mcpr.2000.0338; Saleh I, 2009, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V103, P39, DOI 10.1179-136485909X384965; Schelling E, 2003, PREV VET MED, V61, P279, DOI 10.1016-j.prevetmed.2003.08.004; Tantillo G, 2001, J FOOD PROTECT, V64, P164; Thakur S. D., 2002, Journal of Communicable Diseases, V34, P287; Vemulapalli R, 1999, CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN, V6, P760; WALLACH JC, 1998, FEMS IMMUNOL MED MIC, V19, P31511
Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli and Y. enterocolitica isolated from dairy based foods in Lebanon - by Imane Ali Saleh
No full textThesis (M.A.)--American University of Beirut, Dept. of Biology, 2005.;"Advisor: Dr. Steve Harakeh, Assistant Professor, Biology.--Member of Committee: Dr. Khouzama Knio, Associate Professor, Biology.--Member of Committee: Dr. Elias Baydoun, Professor, BioBibliography: leaves 110-125.The purpose of this study was to isolate, molecularly characterize, and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of different strains of E. coli and Y. en terocolitica isolated from different dairy based foods (Kishk, Shankleesh and Ba ladi cheese)
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