1,721,113 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Statistical Issues in Measurement with Applications in Forensics and Methylomics
Get PDFThe reliability of a measurement system is studied as a precursor to establishing the accuracy of the measurement system. Forensic science disciplines that rely on feature-based comparisons (e.g., handwriting analysis, fingerprint analysis) have been criticized for the absence of studies demonstrating reliability and accuracy. This has led to empirical evaluations through the use of "black-box" studies. Typically, data collected from inter-examiner (reproducibility) studies is analyzed separately from studies of intra-examiner (repeatability) studies. Motivated by these forensic studies, this dissertation develops methods to assess reliability for continuous, binary, and ordinal outcomes in forensics by combining inter-examiner and intra-examiner data for efficient estimation of reliability, while accounting for possible examiner-forensic sample interactions. Furthermore, we propose an exploratory method to cluster raters/ examiners to identify subpopulations that appear to apply similar decision-making approaches. The dissertation also includes the development of a statistical model to address measurement variability in methylomic studies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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Statistical Methods for Directional Data with Application to Bloodstain Pattern Analysis
Get PDFDirectional data are observations that can be denoted by unit vectors in Euclidean space and thus are usually used to denote directions. The sample space of a directional variable can be the surface of a circle, a sphere, or a hyper-sphere. Traditional statistical methods are not suitable for analyzing directional data due to the non-Euclidean structure of their sample spaces. In forensic science, the analysis of bloodstain patterns typically requires considering the directions of the constituent bloodstains for crime scene reconstruction. One of the major goals of bloodstain pattern analysis is to evaluate different hypotheses regarding the causal mechanism of a bloodstain pattern. Statistical summaries of the directional attributes of bloodstains can be useful indicators of the causal mechanism. In this dissertation, we first develop an image processing algorithm to approximate bloodstains with ellipses. Afterwards, we employ directional statistics on the orientation of the ellipses to extract useful features and incorporate the distributions of the features into a likelihood ratio framework that has been widely used in various forensic fields to evaluate different hypotheses regarding crime scene evidence. This work provides a conceptual demonstration of the likelihood ratio application to bloodstain pattern analysis. Finally, we extend the approach by proposing a nonparametric Bayesian model that can model directional and linear variables jointly. The resulting Dirichlet process semi-projected normal mixture model can evaluate the likelihood of a bloodstain pattern based on the ellipse representation without pre-designed features
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A Statistical Approach to Detecting Patterns in Behavioral Event Sequences
Get PDFThe identification of recurring patterns within a sequence of events is an important task in behavior research. In this thesis, we develop a probabilistic framework for identifying such patterns from behavioral data. This framework allows us to distinguish between events that belong to a pattern and events that occur as part of background or unstructured behavior. Stochastic processes are introduced to describe the incidence of both background events and events that belong to recurring patterns. The behavioral events are modeled together using a competing risks framework combining the stochastic processes. We develop an inference procedure to detect the sequences present in observed data. The motivation for this work comes from a large scale longitudinal study to assess the impact of fragmented and unpredictable maternal behavior on emotional and cognitive development of children. We describe our results on both simulated data and the maternal data.We also consider extensions to our model. We develop a model to study population level behavior, allowing us to compare separate populations as well as pool information across individuals. To perform this analysis, we describe how to extend both our model and inference procedure to a hierarchical setting. We describe results for both simulated data and the maternal data.Finally, we explore the distributional assumptions inherent in our model. We consider a variety of parametric forms for our model, as well as a nonparametric approach that is both flexible and computationally efficient. In addition to improved model fit, these approaches allow us to better describe background behaviors, such as behaviors that occur in bursts or with strict regularity. We also explore the effect of distributional assumptions on both simulated and real data
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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