1,720,971 research outputs found
The psychological impact of perceiving the gender status quo as legitimate
Get PDFCan people benefit psychologically from thinking that the status quo is legitimate? Across three samples, we examined whether and why viewing current relations among men and women as legitimate provides people with a psychological boost. In all samples, we found that believing that current relations among men and women are fair and just (e.g., thinking that society is set up that men and women usually get what they deserve) was associated with greater life satisfaction and self-esteem. We found that perceiving oneself as less likely to be discriminated against in overt ways (e.g., being denied a job for unfair reasons) and subtle ways (e.g., being avoided in interactions) partially explained these relationships. Importantly, we found that these associations did not differ between men and women. Overall, these findings suggest that belief systems supporting the status quo can provide a palliative psychological effect through impacting people’s beliefs about whether they are targets of discrimination, and that this can occur for members of both advantaged and disadvantaged groups. These findings further contribute to understanding why people might support the status quo and denounce diversity in different settings even if it disadvantages them.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Julia Spielmann, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-23 at 20:17.The student, Julia Spielmann, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-04-23 at 20:19.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-04-24 at 08:26.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12381 on 2018-08-31 at 17:30:08Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-04-24Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107442
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107442
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 107442 on 2020-09-05T09:15:32Z
Just world violations prompt beliefs in karmic retribution
Get PDFHow likely are people to think that someone who perpetrates a crime against another person will experience an adverse event in response? In other words, how much do people believe in karmic retribution? Across three studies, we examined this question in the present research. Participants were randomly assigned to read about a sexual crime that varied in its level of severity (e.g., a man whistles suggestively at a woman vs. a man takes an up-skirt photo of a woman). People who read about more severe crimes thought that a negative event would be more likely to happen to the offender of the crime. Importantly, people thought negative events were more likely to affect offenders of severe crimes even when the event was entirely unrelated to the crime (e.g., getting hit by a car after assaulting a woman), and even if a person did not intentionally create the adverse event (e.g., getting cancer). Dispositional belief in a just world did not consistently moderate the effect of crime severity on the likelihood of negative events. These findings provide novel evidence for the question of how people psychologically manage violations to the belief that the world is fair and just, and provide empirical support that people generally believe in karmic retribution.Submission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2018-09-27 without embargo termsThe student, Jack McDonald, accepted the attached license on 2018-06-12 at 11:42.The student, Jack McDonald, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2018-06-12 at 11:48.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2018-06-12 at 13:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12624 on 2018-09-27 at 10:44:45Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:17:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-1
The psychological impact of perceiving the gender status quo as legitimate
No full textCan people benefit psychologically from thinking that the status quo is legitimate? Across three samples, we examined whether and why viewing current relations among men and women as legitimate provides people with a psychological boost. In all samples, we found that believing that current relations among men and women are fair and just (e.g., thinking that society is set up that men and women usually get what they deserve) was associated with greater life satisfaction and self-esteem. We found that perceiving oneself as less likely to be discriminated against in overt ways (e.g., being denied a job for unfair reasons) and subtle ways (e.g., being avoided in interactions) partially explained these relationships. Importantly, we found that these associations did not differ between men and women. Overall, these findings suggest that belief systems supporting the status quo can provide a palliative psychological effect through impacting people’s beliefs about whether they are targets of discrimination, and that this can occur for members of both advantaged and disadvantaged groups. These findings further contribute to understanding why people might support the status quo and denounce diversity in different settings even if it disadvantages them.LimitedAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD syste
How social status shapes U.S. children’s beliefs about social mobility
No full textChildren grow up within social hierarchies that shape their everyday lives. Social mobility is a core mechanism through which societies either challenge or maintain existing inequalities. The present study examined how U.S. children’s social status—both experimentally manipulated and measured at the national level—shapes their beliefs about social mobility for themselves and their high- and low-status peers. Children (N=130; 3-8 years; 70 girls, 59 boys, 1 non-binary; 12.3% Asian, 6.9% Black, 11.6% Latine, 20.7% Multiracial, and 48.5% White) were randomly assigned to either experimentally advantaged or disadvantaged groups. They were then assessed on their 1) general expectations about social mobility, 2) effort-contingent expectations for mobility, and 3) post-hoc explanations upward and downward mobility. We found that compared to experimentally-disadvantaged children, experimentally-advantaged children were more likely to have higher expectations for themselves and high-status peers, but lower expectations for low-status peers. With age, both experimentally- and nationally-disadvantaged children exhibited higher expectations for themselves and lower expectations for high-status peers, whereas experimentally- and nationally-advantaged children’s expectations remained stable. Older children were also more likely to believe working hard leads to upward mobility and attribute upward/downward mobility to individual effort. This tendency was especially pronounced for their own upward (vs. downward) mobility, but less so when evaluating the upward mobility of high-status peers (vs. themselves). These results suggest that children’s beliefs about social mobility develop throughout childhood, differ by target, and are shaped by their own social status.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2027-12-01The student, Junyi Mei, accepted the attached license on 2025-12-03 at 10:41.The student, Junyi Mei, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-12-03 at 10:49.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-12-03 at 14:38.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #23042 on 2026-02-19 at 18:46:4
Early conceptions of national identity: causes and consequences
Get PDFNational identity is a powerful category marker that has been found to influence people’s perceptions and judgments of social others. While one’s nationality is technically defined by circumstantial factors (e.g., birthplace, residence), as opposed to inherent or biological features, adults still describe their national identity as being extremely important to their personal identity (ANES, 2004), and strong national identification has profound—and often pernicious—consequences for how one views national outgroups (e.g., Huynh, Devos, & Altman, 2015). Here, I explore the origins of national identity conceptions; specifically, I ask whether young children (beginning at age 5) are aware of the extrinsic determinants of nationality, or whether their conceptions are more biologically-based, as is their reasoning about other influential social categories (e.g., gender; Rhodes & Gelman, 2009). I tested the prediction that at the age when children first become aware of their national identity as a category marker, they will hold an essentialist conception of nationality, believing that it is a biologically-based, stable, and inherent feature of their selves. However, as they age, this tendency will decline, and they will instead attribute nationality to more environmentally-determined factors (Studies 1-3). Further, I investigated the consequences of an early essentialist conception of national identity, and specifically the role that essentialism plays in predicting outgroup-denigrating beliefs and behaviors (Studies 3 & 4). In uncovering the early manifestations and consequences of national identity beliefs, the present research presents an important first look at the development of children’s understanding of nation-state membership, and the lasting impact it may have on their interactions with the world.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-05-01The student, Larisa Hussak, accepted the attached license on 2017-04-18 at 15:37.The student, Larisa Hussak, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-04-18 at 15:40.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-04-19 at 17:22.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #10750 on 2017-08-10 at 15:05:32Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T20:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2017-04-19Embargo set by: Colleen Fallaw for item 102753
Lift date: 2019-08-10T21:27:21Z
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Ideological differences in the use of social class categories to organize and understand society
Get PDFWhy do liberals and conservatives often fail to see eye-to-eye on social policies that seek to reduce economic inequality in the United States? I integrate a historical/cultural perspective with contemporary research on liberals’ and conservatives’ motivations to show that social policy disagreements result in part from a fundamental difference between how liberals and conservatives attempt to organize and understand a complex and ambiguous social world with social class categories. Specifically, I first investigated whether liberals and conservatives differ in their beliefs of social class as an organizing principle (SCOP) through which they understand the world (Study 1). In Study 2, I investigated whether liberals and conservatives differ in their SCOP beliefs because of differences in automatic or controlled cognitive processes. I found that liberals and conservative experience similar category activation of social class categories, but differ in how they deliberately use social class descriptors to describe social others. I then tested whether liberals’ and conservatives’ motivations explained ideological differences in SCOP beliefs (Study 3). In Study 4, I further investigated whether liberal-conservative differences in SCOP beliefs are motivationally driven by experimentally manipulating the relevance of the system in question. Finally, Study 5 investigated whether SCOP beliefs explained ideological differences in social policy attitudes that address inequality (Study 5). Overall, the present research suggests that liberals and conservatives may differ in their social policy attitudes because they construct different understandings of society based on social class.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-05-01The student, Peter Ondish, accepted the attached license on 2019-04-11 at 15:31.The student, Peter Ondish, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-04-11 at 15:34.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-04-12 at 13:40.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #13522 on 2019-08-22 at 16:20:53Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-23T20:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2019-04-12Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112287
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112287
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112287
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112287
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 112287 on 2021-08-24T09:15:28Z
Construction and validation of the consequences of race-related motivated reasoning scale
Get PDFAuthor requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemThe purpose of the proposed study was to develop and provide initial psychometric support for a measure that captures the explicit consequences of race-related motivated reasoning. Race-related motivated reasoning is a set of biased cognitive and affective responses in interpreting and evaluating race-related information or stimuli. I focused on one area in which racial discrimination occurs: Police interactions. This area has been consistently described in current measures of racial mistrust, racism, and microaggressions. The Consequences of Race-Related Motivated Reasoning Scale (CRRMRS) originally consisted of vignette and corresponding items. Data from 1156 participants were collected through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) for two interrelated studies as part of the process in scale construction, initial validation and construct validity establishment. In Study 1, I used matrix sampling to reduce participants’ fatigue because of the large number of items. Each participant read vignette 1 and two subsequent randomized vignettes and corresponding questions to each vignette. The exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) resulted in 10 items with 3 factors: (1) Minimization of Racism, (2) Target Apathy, and (3) Target Blaming. In Study 2, findings from confirmatory factor analysis supported that the three-factor model was a good fit to the data for all six vignettes and the best fit compared to other competing models. Further analyses with measurement invariance tests and confirmatory factor analysis indicated the combination of vignette 1 and 4 and the combination of vignette 1 and 5 could be used for multitrait-multimethod data. Initial internal consistency estimates of the subscale scores were excellent in both studies. The CRRMRS latent factors were positively related to color-blind racial ideology and the general belief in just world in theoretically expected ways. The association between CRRMRS latent factors and feeling thermometers also provided support for the “hot cognition” assumption in race-related motivated reasoning.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Tuyet-Mai Hoang, accepted the attached license on 2020-05-18 at 09:21.The student, Tuyet-Mai Hoang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-05-18 at 09:22.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-05-22 at 14:00.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15416 on 2020-10-02 at 15:30:39Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:07:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2020-05-22Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 116184
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Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Onl
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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