1,721,096 research outputs found
Preconception care in primary care: Supporting patients to have healthier pregnancies and babies
No full textPreconception Nutrition: Building advocacy and social movements to stimulate action
No full textAction to improve preconception nutrition is a collective, societal responsibility. We believe that the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) society is ideally placed to facilitate the development of a global agenda for preconception nutrition which recognises the societal importance of nutrition for young women and men, and supports them in optimising their nutritional status for the benefit of the next generation. In this paper, we outline four key actions that can be taken by the members of DOHaDʼs international society located across 67 countries, and nine regional societies, to demonstrate this leadership role. The recommended actions to place preconception nutrition at the top of national and regional agendas include (i) continuing to build the scientific evidence, (ii) monitoring of progress made by governments and commercial companies, (iii) developing advocacy coalitions that unite individuals and organisations around common policy options and (iv) working with partners to develop an emotive and empowering preconception nutrition awareness campaign. Collectively, these actions hold the potential to develop into a preconception nutrition social movement to invoke high-level government support and across-sector policy action, while raising public demand for action and engaging corporate actors
Socio-demographic differences in smoking status and cessation before and during early pregnancy among women in England: an analysis of the national maternity services dataset
No full textBackground: smoking in pregnancy increases the risk of major adverse health outcomes for mothers and their offspring. The aim of this study was to describe socio-demographic differences in smoking before and during early pregnancy among women in England.
Methods: among 652,880 women with their first antenatal (booking) appointment recorded in the national Maternity Services Dataset between April 2018 and March 2019, 514,227 (78.8%) had valid data on all relevant variables and were included in analysis. Women reported their smoking status (including prior cessation), age and ethnicity. Level of deprivation was based on postcode and expressed as the Index of Multiple Deprivation. Descriptive analyses examined differences in smoking status by age, ethnicity and level of deprivation (deciles). Proportions were mutually adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics, and chi-square tests determined statistical significance.
Results: women had a mean age of 29.8y (SD 5.7), a median gestational age of 9.7 weeks at booking (interquartile range 8.4–11.4) and 35.6% were pregnant for the first time. Almost 1 in 4 women (23.5%) smoked 12 months before conception, 20.8% smoked around conception and 13.1% at booking. Smoking 12 months before conception was highly prevalent in women aged <20y (45.3%) and decreased to 16.5% in those aged ≥35y. The proportion who smoked before conception also decreased across level of deprivation, from 36.1% (most deprived areas) to 15.5% (least deprived). Asian (Chinese/South Asian/other Asian) (4.8%) and black women (10.1%) were less likely to smoke before conception compared with women of white (28.2%), mixed (24.3%) and other (14.0%) ethnicity. Among women who smoked before pregnancy, 14.5% quit during the 12 months before conception and 29.5% between conception and booking. Women aged ≥35y were nearly twice as likely to quit before conception as women aged <20y (17.0% vs 10.2%), but not more likely to quit in early pregnancy (28.6% vs 28.9%). Women living in the least deprived areas were three-times more likely to quit before conception than women in the most deprived areas (23.7% vs 7.8%), and twice as likely to quit in early pregnancy (41.3% vs 19.0%). All comparisons were significant at p<0.0001.
Conclusion: smoking before and during pregnancy remains common among women in England, and socio-demographic differences in smoking cessation are most pronounced before pregnancy. This suggests targeted efforts are needed to reduce smoking uptake and/or increase cessation support, particularly for younger women of reproductive age, those living in the most deprived areas, and women of white and mixed ethnicity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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