1,721,137 research outputs found
Controlled butchery observations as a means for interpreting Okote member hominin carnivory at Koobi Fora, Kenya
No full textThree archaeological assemblages from Okote Member (1.5 Ma) deposits at Koobi Fora, Kenya described by Pobiner (2007, Pobiner et al., 2008) have well preserved cortical surfaces that bear abundant hominin butchery traces on large and small mammalian taxa, minimal carnivore tooth marking, and lack in situ lithic materials. Pobiner suggests that Homo erectus generally enjoyed primary access to carcass resources with a traditional assemblage-scale analysis of butchered specimens and anatomical interpretations of cut mark location. Bunn (1981, 1994) proposes a foraging strategy for Okote hominins that links core tool butchery and curation to locally unavailable stone raw material sources in the Ileret and Koobi Fora areas of the Eastern Turkana basin. Evidence of core tool use is interpreted from the presence of wide, shallow cut marks on large animals bones. To evaluate these interpretations of hominin carnivory and bring greater resolution to archaeofaunal cut mark interpretation, I undertook a series of actualistic butchery experiments to document how tool type (flake versus Oldowan core), butchery action (skinning, defleshing bulk tissue, defleshing scrap tissue, disarticulation) and animal size (goat versus cow) influence skeletal patterns of cut mark location, and to construct general models of cut mark cross-sectional size and the geometric organization of cut mark clusters that can discriminate these independent variables. Results indicate that tool type cannot be identified in any analysis, and that animal size influences cut mark size and organization, falsifying Bunn’s hypothesis of core tool use. Skinning and disarticualtion produce wide and deep cut marks that can be distinguished from defleshing, although the amount of tissue removed (defleshing bulk versus scrap) cannot be determined from cut mark size or cluster organization. All three mark categories occur at distinct skeletal locations, but disarticulation and defleshing cooccur on the elbow. However, these actions can be distinguished on the elbow when cut mark cluster geometry is considered. A model that identifies hominins’ early access to carcass resources from elbow specimens with evidence of defleshing and disarticulation versus late access from disarticulated elbow specimens brings increased behavioral resolution to cut mark interpretation and supports previous findings of Okote hominins’ primary carcass consumption.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Stephen Ryan Merrit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
