1,090 research outputs found
National Industrial Conference Board Prize Essays 1919-1920
No full textForrest R. Black, a Tiffin author, wrote an award winning essay called "Should Trade Unions and Employers' Associations be Made Legally Responsible?" in which he researched the history of trade unions and their influence in the early 20th century
Livestock
No full textTwo typed papers on the history of livestock raising in northern Arizona: "Riding for the old C O Bar," by Earle R. Forrest and read at the Fourth Annual Historical Convention sponsored by the University of Arizona and Arizona Pioneers\u27 Historical Society, Tucson, March 15-16, 1963; and "Trouble with the Hashknife Cattle Company," no author, no date. The second essay tells of Fort Moroni, at present-day Fort Valley, near Flagstaff, Arizona
Mountain bike activity in natural areas: impacts, assessment and implications for management: a case study from John Forrest National Park, Western Australia
No full textAn exploratory literature review was conducted into the biophysical and social impacts of mountain biking in Australia and around the world. This review provided the basis for an impact assessment method that could be applied to mountain biking in natural areas. Mountain biking is increasing in popularity in Australia and this is adding to the demand for more space in natural areas for recreational activities (Goeft & Alder, 2001, Faulks, Richtie & Fluker 2007, Standing Committee on Recreation and Sport 2006, CALM 2007). Mountain biking can have negative impacts on the natural environment but the extent and significance of impacts is not fully understood (Goeft & Alder 2001, Chiu & Kriwoken 2003, Hasenhauer 2003, Sprung 2004, White, Waskey, Brodehl & Foti 2006). This situation constitutes a problem for managers as they need impact information to ensure mountain biking in natural areas is sustainable.
This report addresses mountain biking as a recreational activity by examining styles of riding and the corresponding demands of riders. It also identifies the major impacts of mountain biking and explores potential management techniques for developing sustainable mountain biking activities in natural areas. A method of assessing mountain biking impacts has been field-tested. The study was conducted in John Forrest National Park (JFNP), a popular recreation area in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Park rangers have previously identified areas in the Park where mountain bikers have created informal trail networks and technical trail features. Such findings are recognised to be having a negative impact on the Park. A GPS and GIS assessment method was field tested in JFNP to quantify this impact and proved to be useful in quantifying areas impacted by mountain bike activities
Application of prognostic scores in the STOPAH trial: discriminant function is no longer the optimal scoring system in alcoholic hepatitis
No full textBACKGROUND & AIMS: 'Static' prognostic models in alcoholic hepatitis, using data from a single time point, include the discriminant function (DF), Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score (GAHS), the age, serum bilirubin, international normalized ratio and serum creatinine (ABIC) score and the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD). 'Dynamic' scores, incorporating evolution of bilirubin at seven days, include the Lille score. The aim of this study was to assess these scores' performance in patients from the STOPAH trial.METHODS: Predictive performance of scores was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). The effect of different therapeutic strategies upon survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and tested using the log-rank test.RESULTS: A total of 1,068 patients were studied. The AUCs for the DF were significantly lower than for MELD, ABIC and GAHS for both 28- and 90-day outcomes: 90-day values were 0.670, 0.704, 0.726 and 0.713, respectively. 'Dynamic' scores and change in 'static' scores by Day 7 had similar AUCs. Patients with consistently low 'static' scores had low 28-day mortalities that were not improved with prednisolone (MELD <25: 8.6%; ABIC <6.71: 6.6%; GAHS <9: 5.9%). In patients with high 'static' scores without gastrointestinal bleeding or sepsis, prednisolone reduced 28-day mortality (MELD: 22.2% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.13; ABIC 14.6% vs. 21%, p = 0.02; GAHS 21% vs. 29.3%, p = 0.04). Overall mortality from treating all patients with a DF ≥32 and Lille assessment (90-day mortality 26.8%) was greater than combining newer 'static' and 'dynamic' scores (90-day mortality: MELD/Lille 21.8%; ABIC/Lille 23.7%; GAHS/Lille 20.6%).CONCLUSION: MELD, ABIC and GAHS are superior to the DF in alcoholic hepatitis. Consistently low scores have a favourable outcome not improved with prednisolone. Combined baseline 'static' and Day 7 scores reduce the number of patients exposed to corticosteroids and improve 90-day outcome.LAY SUMMARY: Alcoholic hepatitis is a life-threatening condition. Several scores exist to determine the outcome of these patients as well as to identify those who may benefit from treatment. This study looked at the performance of existing scores in patients who had been recruited to the largest alcoholic hepatitis clinical trial: STOPAH. 'Static' scores are calculable at the start of assessment. The three newer static scores (ABIC, GAHS and MELD) were shown to be superior to the oldest score (DF). ABIC and GAHS could also identify patients who had a survival benefit 28 days after starting prednisolone treatment. 'Dynamic' scores relate to the change in disease over the first week of treatment. Combination of the 'static' scores 'with the 'dynamic' scores or change in 'static' scores allowed identification of patients who could benefit from prednisolone up to 90 days.</p
Completing the Triangle: Revitalizing the Rapa Nui language
No full textThe revitalization of two languages of the Polynesian Triangle, Māori and `Ōlelo Hawai`i, are fundamental to international research on endangered language revitalization and the transnational social movement to reduce twenty-first century language death. Comparatively, the educational programs and linguistic issues related to the revitalization of the third language of the triangle, the indigenous Rapa Nui language of Easter Island (EAS), are significantly less known. Field research on Rapa Nui language revitalization programs reveals a strong pedagogical focus on teaching the language in terms of cultural heritage materials (traditional language genres and cultural practices) that avoids many of the authenticity concerns confronting the revitalization of Māori and `Ōlelo Hawai`i (Harlow 2005, NeSmith 2005, Wong 1999) and accords with regional Polynesian language community attitudes that stress the importance of cultural heritage content in language instruction (Housman et al 2011, Otsuka and Wong 2007, Taumoeolau et al. 2002, Waitangi Tribunal 2010). Besides complying with regional and island community attitudes, however, aesthetic linguistic theories of language revitalization that highlight cultural and social “form-dependent expression” (Woodbury 1998), and psycholinguistic theories that emphasize some syntactic structures are more important to language acquisition than others (Crain et al. 2009), suggests, contrary to revival linguistics (Thieberger 2002, Zuckerman and Walsh 2011), this pedagogical strategy to also be linguistically sound. I illustrate some of the strengths of Rapa Nui pedagogy through analysis of elementary school teaching materials on the affective, second person possessive pronoun tu`u. Analysis of Rapa Nui textbook teachings of the pronoun in terms of games and narratives steeped in cultural heritage materials, refines the psycholinguistic findings that educational stories and games are important to language acquisition (Hirsh-Pasek and Golinkoff 2012). Educational stories and games interwoven with very specific cultural heritage and linguistic form dependent-cultural practices may be necessary for revitalization of endangered indigenous languages like Rapa Nui. While acknowledging a pedagogical focus on cultural heritage materials should not come at the expense of sociolinguistic functional diversification of the language (Fishman 2001), or the intensity of psycholinguistic imput necessary for language acquisition (Hoff et al. 2012), culturally specific imput dialogical with traditional genres and social registers is critical to revitalizing endangered languages with significant form-dependent expressions. Like those of its “triangular” Polynesian siblings, the language revitalization programs of Rapa Nui have important lessons for enriching the global movement to document and conserve the world’s linguistic diversity.
WORK CITED
Crain, Stephen and Rosiland Thorton, Keiko Murasugi
2009 Capturing the Evasive Passive. Language Acquisition 16: 123-133.
Fishman, Joshua A.
2001 Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Harlow, Ray
2005 Covert Attitudes to Māori. International Journal of Sociology of Language 172: 133-147.
Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy and Roberta Michnick Golinkoff
2012 How Babies Talk: Six Principles of Early Language Development. In Re-visioning the beginning: Developmental and Health Science Contributions to Infant/Toddler Programs for Children and Families Living in Poverty. S. Odom, E. Pungello, and N. Gardner-Neblett, eds. Pp. 77-101. New York, Guilford Press.
Hoff, Erika and Cynthia Core, Silvia Place, Rosario Rumiche, Melissa Senior, Marisol Parra
2012 Dual Language Exposure and Early Bilingual Development. Journal of Child Language 39: 1-27.
Housman, Alohalani and Kaulana Dameg, Māhealani Kobashigawa, James Dean Brown
2011 Report on the Hawaiian Oral Language Assessment (H-OLA) Development Project. Second Language Studies 29 (2): 1-59.
NeSmith, R. Keao
2005 Tūtū’s Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language. `Ōiwi: A Native Hawaiian Journal 3: 68-77.
Otsuka, Yuko and Andrew Wong
2007 Fostering the Growth of Budding Community Initiatives: The Role of Linguists in Tokelauan Maintenance in Hawai’i. Language Documentation and Conservation 1 (2): 240-256.
Taumoefolau, Melanaite and Donna Starks, Karen Davis, Alan Bell
2002 Linguistics and Language Maintenance: Pasifika Languages in Manukau, New Zealand. Oceanic Linguistics 41 (1): 15-27.
Thieberger, Nicholas
2002 'Extinction in whose terms? Which parts of a language constitute a Target for Language Maintenance Programmes?' In Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance David Bradley and Maya Bradley, eds. Pp. 310-328. London: Routledge Curzon.
Waitangi Tribunal
2010 Te Reo Māori. Waitangi Tribunal Report 262. Wellington: Waitangi Tribunal.
Woodbury, Anthony C.
1998 Documenting Rhetorical, Aesthetic, and Expressive Loss in Language Shift. In Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response, Lenore A. Grenoble and Lindsay J. Whaley, eds. Pp. 234-258. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wong, Liana
1999 Authenticity and the Revitalization of Hawaiian. Anthropology and Education Quarterly 30 (1): 94-115.
Zuckerman, Ghil’ad and Michael Walsh
2011 Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures, Australian Journal of Linguistics 31 (1): 111-127
Comparisons of two global built area land cover datasets in methods to disaggregate human population in eleven countries from the global South
No full textMapping built land cover at unprecedented detail has been facilitated by increasing availability of global high-resolution imagery and image processing methods. These advances in urban feature extraction and built-area detection can refine the mapping of human population densities, especially in lower income countries where rapid urbanization and changing population is accompanied by frequently out-of-date or inaccurate census data. However, in these contexts it is unclear how best to use built-area data to disaggregate areal, count-based census data. Here we tested two methods using remotely sensed, built-area land cover data to disaggregate population data. These included simple, areal weighting and more complex statistical models with other ancillary information. Outcomes were assessed across eleven countries, representing different world regions varying in population densities, types of built infrastructure, and environmental characteristics. We found that for seven of 11 countries a Random Forest-based, machine learning approach outperforms simple, binary dasymetric disaggregation into remotely-sensed built areas. For these more complex models there was little evidence to support using any single built land cover input over the rest, and in most cases using more than one built-area data product resulted in higher predictive capacity. We discuss these results and implications for future population modeling approaches
Design and Implementation of High External Quantum Efficiency Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using Shaped Substrates
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