1,720,972 research outputs found
Market Foreclosure and Strategic Aspects of Vertical Agreements
No full textThis paper reviews the arguments about market foreclosure –as an incentive for vertical agreements between upstream and downstream firms– and its effects on welfare. We consider that downstream firms compete in quantities in the final good market and upstream firms compete in quantities in the intermediate good market. In this context we show that a vertical agreement must not contemplate market foreclosure, that is, upstream firms continue participating in intermediate market. Regarding antitrust policy, we show that even vertical agreements aimed at increasing input price faced by other firms may be positive from the welfare viewpoint.
The Free-Trade Doctrine and Commercial Diplomacy of Condy Raguet
No full textCondy Raguet (1784-1842) was the first Charg%E9 d'Affaires from the United States to Brazil and a conspicuous author of political economy from the 1820s to the early 1840s. He contributed to the era's free-trade doctrine as editor of influential periodicals, most notably The Banner of the Constitution. Before leading the free-trade cause, however, he was poised to negotiate a reciprocity treaty between the United States and Brazil, acting under the authority of Secretary of State and protectionist apostle Henry Clay. Raguet's career and ideas provide a window into the uncertain relationship of reciprocity to the cause of free trade.Condy Raguet, Free Trade, Reciprocity, Trade Agreements, Brazil
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Hacia un envejecimiento responsable: Las reformas de los sistemas pensionales América Latina
No full textDurante buena parte de la era previa a la globalización, desde la década de 1860 hasta la I Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos mantuvo aranceles sorprendentemente elevados. Los historiadores que se ocupan del tema económico actual han sugerido que el proteccionismo de EE. UU. fue producto de una `reacción violenta` contra la globalización que fue el comienzo de su fin. También han sostenido que esa reacción violenta encierra una enseñanza para el presente: específicamente, que debemos ocuparnos de las desigualdades de la distribución que engendra la globalización, o de lo contrario la globalización volverá a sembrar la semilla de su propia destrucción. Demuestro que los aranceles de EE. UU. no fueron el producto de una reacción violenta. Un recuento de ideas sobre economía en EE. UU. durante el Siglo XIX concentrado en dos comisiones arancelarias en 1866-1870 y 1882 revela que las ideas debatidas en los círculos intelectuales y de políticas de ese entonces no mostraban señal alguna de una reacción violenta contra la globalización. La característica importante de la historia intelectual y arancelaria de EE. UU. no es una reacción violenta contra la globalización, sino más bien la falta, en la mayoría de los recuentos históricos, de ciertos pensadores e ideas que fueron fundamentales para la discusión. Por consiguiente, la enseñanza que encierra la historia para la actualidad no es que debemos ocuparnos de las desigualdades de la globalización. (Es probable que esa enseñanza se mantenga o quede fuera de la historia). En vez de eso, se trata de que necesitamos ocuparnos de la idea de la reacción violenta, la cual tiene un asidero en la historia más profundo que los elementos de juicio. La enseñanza implica que para entender el presente y el futuro de la globalización, lo que se necesita son recuentos históricos de las ideas.
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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