2,308 research outputs found
Chemical consequences of mechanical bonding in catenanes and rotaxanes: isomerism, modification, catalysis and molecular machines for synthesis
No full textResearch on mechanically interlocked molecules has advanced substantially over the last five decades. A large proportion of the published work focusses on the synthesis of these challenging targets, and the subsequent control of the relative position of the covalent sub-components, to generate novel molecular devices and machines. In this Feature Article we instead review some of the less discussed consequences of mechanical bonding for the chemical behaviour of catenanes and rotaxanes, and their application in synthesis, including striking recent examples of molecular machines which carry out complex synthetic task
Competitive formation of homocircuit [3]rotaxanes in synthetically useful yields in the bipyridine- mediated active template CuAAC reaction
No full textWe recently identified competitive formation of doubly interlocked [3]rotaxanes as the origin of the non- linear variation in yield of [2]rotaxane with macrocycle size in the bipyridine-mediated AT-CuAAC reaction. Selection of reaction conditions gave [2]rotaxanes in essentially quantitative yield in all cases and hard to access doubly threaded [3]rotaxanes in up to 50% yield in a single, four component coupling. Based on the effect of macrocycle structure on the reaction outcome we propose a detailed mechanism of [3]rotaxane formatio
A kinetic self-sorting approach to heterocircuit [3]rotaxanes
No full textIn this proof-of-concept study, an active-template coupling is used to demonstrate a novel kinetic self-sorting process. This process iteratively increases the yield of the target heterocircuit [3]rotaxane product at the expense of other threaded species
The Microbiome: A New Target for Research and Treatment of Schizophrenia and its Resistant Presentations? A Systematic Literature Search and Review
Get PDFBackground: The gastrointestinal system hosts roughly 1,800 distinct phyla and about 40,000 bacterial classes, which are known as microbiota, and which are able to influence the brain. For instance, microbiota can also influence the immune response through the activation of the immune system or through the release of mediators that are able to cross the brain blood barrier or that can interact with other substances that have free access to the brain, such as tryptophan and kynurenic acid, which is a metabolite of tryptophan and which has been involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Objectives: This paper reviews the possible relationships between microbiome, schizophrenia and treatment resistance. Given the possibility of a role of immune activation and alterations, we also describe the relationship between schizophrenia and immune inflammatory response. Finally, we report on the studies about the use of probiotic and prebiotics in schizophrenia. Methods: Cochrane library and PubMed were searched from the year 2000 to 2018 for publications about microbiome, immune-mediated pathology, schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. The following search string was used: (microbiome or immune mediated) AND (schizophrenia OR neurodevelopmental disorder). Associated publications were hand-searched from the list of references of the identified papers. A narrative review was also conducted about the use of probiotics and prebiotics in schizophrenia. Results: There exists a close relationship between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, which makes it likely that there is a relationship between schizophrenia, including its resistant forms, and microbiota. This paper provides a summary of the most important studies that we identified on the topic. Conclusions: Schizophrenia in particular, remain a challenge for researchers and practitioners and the possibility of a role of the microbiome and of immune-mediated pathology should be better explored, not only in animal models but also in clinical trials of agents that are able to alter gut microbiota and possibly influence the mechanisms of gastrointestinal inflammation. Microbiome targeted treatments have not been well-studied yet in patients with mental illness in general, and with schizophrenia in particular. Nonetheless, the field is well worth of being appropriately investigated. Copyright © 2018 Cuomo, Maina, Rosso, Beccarini Crescenzi, Bolognesi, Di Muro, Giordano, Goracci, Neal, Nitti, Pieraccini and Fagiolini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
“Mr.Editor, Have We Digressed?” Newspaper Editor John Neal and The Woman Suffrage Debate
Get PDFIn May and June of 1870, Portland newspaper editor and reformer John Neal sparked a debate over women’s suffrage that elicited strong views on women’s place in society. Neal posted a call in the Daily Eastern Argus to like-minded women and men to meet to discuss how to bring about the women’s vote. His post led to a debate in Portland’s newspapers about the idea of women’s suffrage. Several respondents expressed outrage at women’s participation in politics, fearing it would lead to society’s downfall. Although the debate died down in June, Neal’s efforts gave renewed energy to Maine suffragists. The author is an assistant professor of history at Niagara University. She specializes in progressive-era American history, women’s history, and public history
Annual meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group : November 7-9, 2011, Houston, Texas
Get PDFThe focus of this meeting was a discussion of the options and opportunities for the next decade of lunar science and exploration and included presentations and discussions on science objectives, robotic and human exploration strategies and technologies, critical required technology development commercial opportunities, education and outreach, and the Moon as a gateway for human exploration of the Solar System.Sponsors: Universities Space Research Association/Lunar and Planetary Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Lunar Exploration Analysis GroupConveners: Charles Shearer, University of New Mexico, Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame, Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary InstitutePARTIAL CONTENTS: Analysis of Lunar Pyroclastic Glass Deposit FeO Abundances by LRO Diviner / C. C. Allen, B. T. Greenhagen, K. L. Donaldson Hanna, and D. A. Paige--Results of LEND High Resolution Epithermal Neutron Measurements: Evidence for Two Hydrogen Emplacement Mechanisms / W. V. Boynton, G. F. Droege, K. Harshman, and I. G. Mitrofanov--Science Of and On the Moon with the Lunar University Network for Astrophysics Research / J. O. Burns and J. Lazio--Landing Site Selection Based on Polar Illumination Analysis / D. B. J. Bussey, J. T. S. Cahill, J. A. McGovern, A. Green, and P. D. Spudis--The European Lunar Lander: A Human Exploration Precursor Mission / J. D. Carpenter, A. Pradier, R. Fisackerly, B. Houdou, D. De Rosa, / B. Gardini, and C. Philippe--Mg-Spinel Rich Lithology at Crater Copernicus / D. Dhingra and C. M. Pieters--Mineralogical Diversity of Impact Melts on Central Peak of Tycho and its Vicinity / D. Dhingra and C. M. Pieters--The Science Behind NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer / R. C. Elphic, G. T. Delory, E. J. Grayzeck, T. Colaprete, M. Horanyi, P. Mahaffy, B. Hine, / D. Boroson, and J. S. Salute--The 2010 Desert RATS Science Operations Test: Outcomes and Lessons Learned / D. B. Eppler
Annual meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group : October 22–24, 2012, Greenbelt, Maryland
Get PDFThe focus of this meeting will be a discussion of the ongoing contributions of the Apollo program to solar system exploration and options and opportunities for the next decade of lunar science and exploration. This meeting will include presentations and discussions on science objectives, robotic and human exploration strategies and technologies, critical required technology development commercial opportunities, education and outreach, and the Moon as a necessary stepping stone to the rest of the solar system.Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationConveners: Charles Shearer, University of New Mexico, Jeffrey Plescia, The John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame, Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute.PARTIAL CONTENTS: Volatile Extraction and In Situ Resource Utilization for the Moon Applied to Near Earth Objects / E. H. Cardiff--A Revisit to Apollo Magnetic Field Records for Sounding of the Lunar Interior / P. J. Chi--LunarCube: Payload Development for Enhanced Yet Low Cost Lunar Exploration / P. E. Clark, R. MacDowall, R. Cox, A. Vasant, S. Schaire, and B. Malphrus--Frontier: Towards Onboard Intelligence for More Capable Next Generation Space Assets / P. E. Clark, M. L. Rilee, and S. A. Curtis--Near Real-Time Prospecting for Lunar Volatiles: Demonstrating RESOLVE Science in the Field / A. Colaprete, R. Elphic, J. Heldmann, K. Ennico, G. Mattes, and J. Sanders--Gateways to the Solar System: Innovative Advanced Magnet Lab Mass Driver Launch Platforms at L1 and L--R. Cox, P. Clark, A. Vasant, and R. Meinke--Modal Evaluation of Fluid Volume in Spacecraft Propellant Tanks / K. M. Crosby, R. Werlink, S. Mathe, and K. Lubick--Ground Data Systems for Real Time Lunar Science / M. C. Deans, T. Smith, D. S. Lees, E. B. Scharff, T. E. Cohen, and D. S. S. Lim
Annual Meeting of the Lunar Exploration Analysis Group : October 22-24, 2014 Laurel, Maryland
Get PDFThe focus for this year's meeting is the topic of lunar volatiles — which species are present, their abundance on the surface and interior, their sources and formation processes, their mobility and temporary storage on the surface, and their ultimate fate (be it loss from the lunar environment or "permanent" sequestration in surface reservoirs).Institutional Support: NASA Lunar Exploration Analysis Group, The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Lunar and Planetary Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; Conveners: Samuel Lawrence, Arizona State University, Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame, Jeffrey Plescia, The Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory.PARTIAL CONTENTS: Solar Wind Implantation into Lunar Regolith: Hydrogen Retention in a Surface with Defects / W M Farrell, D. M Hurley, and MI. Zimmerman--Lunar Surface Models / H. Fink.--The Geology oflnferno Chasm, Idaho: A Terrestrial Analog for Lunar Rilles? / W B. Gany, S. S. Hughes, S. E. Kobs Nawotniak, C. D. Neish, C. W Haberle, J L. Heldmann, D. S. S. Lim, and FINESSE Team--Spectral and Therrnophysical Properties of Lunar Swirls from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer / T D. Glotch, J L. Bandfield, P. G. Lucey, P. O. Hayne, B. T Greenhagen, J A. Arnold, R. R. Ghent, and D. A. Paige--The Benefits of Sample Return: Connecting Apollo Soils and Diviner Lunar Radiometer Remote Sensing Data / B. T. Greenhagen, K. L. Donaldson Hanna, I. R. Thomas, N. E. Bowles, C. C. Allen, C. M Pieters, and D. A. Paige--International Strategy for the Exploration of Lunar Polar Volatiles / J E. Gruener and N. H. Suzuki--Why Do We Need the Moon: Next Steps Forward for Moon Exploration / U. G. Guven--Space Mission to the Moon with a Low Cost Moon Probe Nanosatellite: University Project Feasibility Analysis and Design Concepts / U G. Guven, G. V. Velidi, and L. D. Datta--ARTEMIS Observations of the Space Environment Around the Moon and its Interaction with the Atmosphere and Surface / J S. Halekas and ARTEMIS Team
I a poet too: An Intersectional Approach to the Work of Neal Cassady
No full textThis thesis examines the work of Neal Cassady from an intersectional perspective. It first addresses several issues with regards to the critical reception that already exists of Cassady’s work, most notably the prevalence of fictionalizations by other authors and the absence of research directed solely at Neal Cassady’s own work. This thesis then sets out to examine Cassady’s work by looking at the various components that have shaped his author identity, such as gender, class, and sexuality – thus establishing a firm ground on which to investigate the historical circumstances that have shaped his work. It concludes by demonstrating that Cassady’s lower class background has had tremendous effects both on his writing life and on his conceptions of gender and sexuality, and that these latter two, in turn, have influenced his experience of class. As a result of this research, common criticisms directed at fictionalizations of the Cassady figure can be reframed in order to better fit the historical circumstances that shaped Cassady’s life, which leads to a more articulate understanding of the workings of gender, class, and sexuality in Beat literature
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