225 research outputs found
Partial triangulations of surfaces with girth constraints
No full textBarnette and Edelson have shown that there are finitely many minimal triangulations of a connected compact 2-manifold M. Similar finiteness results are obtained for cellular partial triangulations that satisfy various girth inequality constraints for embedded cycles. A characterisation of various M-embedded sparse graphs is given in terms of the satisfaction of higher genus girth inequalities. With this it is shown that there are finitely many contraction-minimal M-embedded graphs that are (3,6)-tight or (3,3)-tight.Simplified proofs and new result
Understanding Challenging Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-Component, Interdisciplinary Model
No full textA multi-component, interdisciplinary model is described which explains the presence of, and in other cases the lack of, many challenging behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). More specifically, the model expands the operant behavioral conditioning paradigm by taking into account medical comorbidities and interoceptive processing
Comparison of Autistic Individuals Who Engage in Self-Injurious Behavior, Aggression, and Both Behaviors
No full textBackground. Two of the most challenging behaviors exhibited by individuals on the autism spectrum are self-injurious behavior (SIB) and aggression. The aim of this study was to identify co-occurring symptoms, behaviors, and medical comorbidities that may provide insight into understanding and treating these behaviors. Method. A large-scale online survey was used to collect data on symptoms, behaviors, and medically related comorbidities commonly reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on responses from 2327 participants, individuals with ASD were divided into four categories: individuals who engaged in SIB only, individuals who engaged in aggression only, individuals who engaged in both behaviors, and individuals who engaged in neither behavior. Results. There were several characteristics and comorbidities associated with those who engaged in SIB only and in aggression only, in addition to those who engaged in both behaviors. Conclusion. The findings in this study provide evidence to support at least two underlying causes of these behaviors (insensitivity to pain and reactions to food) as well as implications for treating them. Furthermore, several behaviors often observed during early childhood may be considered early predictors of these challenging behaviors
Evidence from Characteristics and Comorbidities Suggesting That Asperger Syndrome Is a Subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textThe current version of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) does not consider Asperger syndrome a diagnostic category. This study was undertaken to see if there is evidence that this diagnosis should be reinstated. An online survey was conducted to examine symptoms and behaviors associated with the current diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (DSM-V), and those associated with Asperger syndrome based on the previous version (DSM-IV-TR). The study also examined other characteristics historically associated with autism, as well as impairments often reported in infancy/young childhood and medical comorbidities frequently associated with autism. The sample included 251 individuals who had received a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome and 1888 who were diagnosed with autism or ASD. Numerous similarities and differences were found between the two groups. The findings are discussed in relation to reestablishing Asperger syndrome as a valid diagnostic category as well as a subtype of ASD
Correlated X-ray/ultraviolet/optical variability in the very low mass AGN NGC 4395
No full textWe report the results of a 1-yr Swift X-ray/ultraviolet (UV)/optical programme monitoring the dwarf Seyfert nucleus in NGC4395 in 2008-2009. The UV/optical flux from the nucleus was found to vary dramatically over the monitoring period, with a similar pattern of variation in each of the observed UV/optical bands (spanning 1900-5500 Å). In particular, the luminosity of NGC4395 in the 1900 Å band changed by more than a factor of 8 over the monitoring period. The fractional variability was smaller in the UV/optical bands than that seen in the X-rays, with the X-ray/optical ratio increasing with increasing flux. Pseudo-instantaneous flux measurements in the X-ray and each UV/optical band were well correlated, with cross-correlation coefficients of ≥0.7, significant at 99.9per cent confidence. Archival Swift observations from 2006 sample the intra-day X-ray/optical variability on NGC4395. These archival data show a very strong correlation between the X-ray and b bands, with a cross-correlation coefficient of 0.84 (significant at >99per cent confidence). The peak in the cross-correlation function is marginally resolved and asymmetric, suggesting that X-rays lead the b band, but by ≤1h. In response to recent (2011 August) very high X-ray flux levels from NGC4395 we triggered Swift target of opportunity observations, which sample the intra-hour X-ray/UV variability. These observations indicate, albeit with large uncertainties, a lag of the 1900 Å band behind the X-ray flux of ∼400s. The tight correlation between the X-ray and UV/optical lightcurves, together with the constraints we place on the lag time-scale, is consistent with the UV/optical variability of NGC4395 being primarily due to reprocessing of X-ray photons by the accretion disc
Efficacy of neurofeebdback training on sociability and behavioural among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and young adults
No full textThis study explores the efficacy of Neurofeedback Training (NFT) on sociability and behavioural among Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) children and young adults. This case study was conducted using pre-test and post-test within subject
quasi experimental. This study involved 34 participants, purposely selected from Kuching Autistic Association (KAA). The Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) developed by Bernard Rimland and Stephen M. Edelson from Autism Research Institute (ARI) was used to measure the effectiveness NFT on ASD children and young adults in KAA. This study was conducted based on observation technique using the A TEC. The observation was emphasized on
sociability and behavioural among them. Generally, this study found there have improvement in total ATEC score (t (34) =9.122, p 0.05 and t (34) =1.751, p> 0.05), ethnic (t (34) =.317, p> 0.05and t (34) =.583, p> 0.05), medication (t (34) =.259, p> 0.05and t (34) =1.186, p> 0.05) and HTMA (t (34) =.619, p> 0.05and t (34) =.860, p> 0.05)
Transitions, vol. 6, no. 3/4, March/April 1994; The Past and Future of the Columbia Basin Part 4: A New State: Columbia! 1889-1890 Congress drew the states lines wrong
No full textOsborn, John--A New State: Columbia!; Rosenberg, Barry--Forest Watch, 'Ecosystem Management': Real change, or more management by slogan?; Foster, J. Todd--Environmentalists, loggers join in suit against Idaho--The Spokesman Review, 1994-5-12(Spokane, WA); Sonner, Scott--Interior secretary singles out the Northwest--The Spokesman Review, 1994-3-29(Spokane, WA); Foster, J. Todd--Backers seek grass-roots support for ecosystem bill--The Spokesman Review, 1994-3-25(Spokane, WA); Olsen, Ken--Unlikely allies agree to fight log exports--Daily News, 1994-3-19 and 20(Pullman, WA/Moscow, ID); Devlin, Sherry--National AFL-CIO council wants log exports banned--Missoulian, 1994-2-25(Missoula, MT); Sonner, Scott--Senator claims timber industry has ear of USFS--Lewiston Morning Tribune, 1994-3-2(Lewiston, ID); Industry: 'We didn't get what we were asking for'--Lewiston Morning Tribune, 1994-3-16(Lewiston, ID); Edelson, David B.--Cooperation with environmentalists works to everyone's benefit--The Oregonian, 1994-3-15(Portland, OR); Forest Chief assures Andrus science, not politics, is key--The Spokesman Review, 1994-1-6(Spokane, WA); Foster, J. Todd--Andrus: End clearcutting--The Spokesman Review, 1994-2-17(Spokane, WA); Kenyon, Quane--Panel OKs state grazing land bill--Post Register, 1994-3-16(Idaho Falls, ID); Kenyon, Quane--Showdown at the Land Board marks changing times--Lewiston Morning Tribune, 1994-2-13(Lewiston, ID); Lawsuit Charges Idaho Officials Abused Children's Trust--The Networker, 1992-4; Price, Rick--Endowment lands aren't managed for the long run--Coeur d'Alene Press, 1992-12-30(Coeur d'Alene); Affidavit Of Damian Sedney In Opposition To Defendants' Motion For Summary Judgement--1992-10-4; Miller, Dean--Timber industry ready to saw off teachers union--The Spokesman Review, 1994-3-8(Spokane, WA); Hinson, Joseph M.--Dear Kitty and Atwell--Intermountain Forest Industry Association, 1994-3-5; Hollingsworth, Rita--IEA bows out of timber sales suit--Coeur d'Alene Press, 1994-3-15(Coeur d'Alene, ID); Sprengel, Mark--A rotten apple for teachers--Priest River Times, 1994-3-16(Priest River, ID); Titone, Julie--Idaho wary of forest ecosystem management--The Spokesman Review, 1993-12-6(Spokane, WA); Titone, Julie--Loomis forest may be test case--The Spokesman Review, 1993-12-6(Spokane, WA); Hamilton, Ladd--In Idaho's struggle for statehood...The South Won!--Lewiston Tribune, 1990-7-3(Lewiston, ID); Preston, Seth--Those dirty scoundrels stole the capital--Lewiston Morning Tribune, 1990-7-3(Lewiston, ID); Sees the New State Handwriting on the Wall--The Spokesman Review, 1907-2-3(Spokane, WA); Why a New State is Desired--The Spokesman Review, 1907-2-5(Spokane, WA); Collins, Jess F.--Panhandle Once Voted Division--The Spokesman Review, 1907-2-3(Spokane, WA); Clashing Interests in Northwest--The Spokesman Review, 1907-2-8(Spokane, WA); Rosenwald, Lonnie--Gardner bringing Cabinet to potential '51st state'--The Spokesman Review, 1991-2-20(Spokane, WA); Seattle happy to dump garbage on East Side--The Spokesman Review, 1991-5-14(Spokane, WA); UI prof exposes the mythology in Idaho history--Lewiston Tribune, 1991-9-12(Lewiston, ID); Lamb, David--Riddle of the Rockies: Just Where Is Idaho?--Los Angeles Times, 1988-7-13(Los Angeles, CA); Floyd, Doug--Boise bureaucrats let grant slip away from North Idaho--The Spokesman Review, 1994-3-24(Spokane, WA); Stuebner, Stephen--Udall: Idaho won't know what it's got until it's all gone--Idaho Statesman, 1991-4-27(Boise, ID
Features of specific food hypersensitivity to dairy and cereal products in children with autism spectrum disorder
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between food hypersensitivity, inflammation markers and the cytokine profile in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Materials and methods. The concentration of specific IgG for 111 food antigens was measured via the modified immunological method designed by the ImmunoHealth company. In addition, we performed routine biochemistry tests and immunoassay of interleukins. All children with ASD followed the recommended eliminating diet during 6 months. In order to check their physical and mental condition, their parents completed the autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC), both before and after the diet (Bernard Rimland and Stephen M. Edelson of the Autism Research Institute).In result, we detected the high frequency of hypersensitivity to cereal and dairy products in children with ASD. Moreover, the intensity of hypersensitivity correlated with ATEC score. We also determined that the cytokine profile in children with ASD was different from that in the control group. In particular, the concentration of IFNγ in serum, as well as the IFNγ/IL-10 and IFNγ/IL-4 ratio, were significantly higher in children with ASD. The revealed changes in the cytokine profile correlate with the specific hypersensitivity for cereal and dairy food antigens as well as with ATEC score
Proposed Toxic and Hypoxic Impairment of a Brainstem Locus in Autism
No full textAbstract: Electrophysiological findings implicate site-specific impairment of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in autism. This invites hypothetical consideration of a large role for this small brainstem structure as the basis for seemingly disjointed behavioral and somatic features of autism. The NTS is the brain’s point of entry for visceral afference, its relay for vagal reflexes, and its integration center for autonomic control of circulatory, immunological, gastrointestinal, and laryngeal function. The NTS facilitates normal cerebrovascular perfusion, and is the seminal point for an ascending noradrenergic system that modulates many complex behaviors. Microvascular configuration predisposes the NTS to focal hypoxia. A subregion—the “pNTS”—permits exposure to all blood-borne neurotoxins, including those that do not readily transit the blood-brain barrier. Impairment of acetylcholinesterase (mercury and cadmium cations, nitrates/nitrites, organophosphates, monosodium glutamate), competition for hemoglobin (carbon monoxide, nitrates/nitrites), and higher blood viscosity (net systemic oxidative stress) are suggested to potentiate microcirculatory insufficiency of the NTS, and thus autism
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