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PENGHAMBATAN PERTUMBUHAN Klebsiella pneumoniae DENGAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Get PDFPisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) adalah buah yang mudah ditemukan, akan tetapi kulit buahnya selama ini jarang dimanfaatkan. Pada kulit buah M. paradisiaca L. terkandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, dan terpenoid yang berperan sebagai senyawa antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol limbah kulit M. paradisiaca L. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Klebsiella pneumoniae. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik eksperimental, sampel kulit M. paradisiaca L. diperoleh dari pedagang keripik pisang kepok di Kabupaten Karanganyar. Ekstrak etanol 96% kulit M. paradisiaca L. dibuat dengan menggunakan metode perkolasi, sedangkan uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% limbah kulit M. paradisiaca L. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri K. pneumoniae, pada konsentrasi 20%; 40%; 60%; 80% dan 100%, dengan rata-rata zona hambat berturut-turut 6,10 mm; 6,35 mm; 6,95 mm; 7,35 mm; dan 7,80 mm. Ekstrak etanol 96% kulit M. paradisiaca L. mampu membentuk zona hambat radikal pada semua konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae, namun tidak mampu menghasilkan zona hambat radikal setara dengan kriteria sensitif antibiotik ciprofloxacin 5 µg berdasarkan CLSI 2018 terhadap pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae.
Banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) is a fruit that is easily found, but the peel of the fruit has rarely been used. The peel of M. paradisiaca L. contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids which act as antibacterial compounds. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of M. paradisiaca L. peel can inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The research method used was an experimental analytic, M. paradisiaca L. peel samples were obtained from banana chips traders in Karanganyar. Ethanol extract 96% of the skin of M. paradisiaca L. was prepared using the percolation method, whereas the antibacterial activity test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer method. The results showed that the 96% ethanolic extract of M. paradisiaca L.peel was able to inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae in 20%; 40%; 60%; 80% and 100% concentrations, with mean inhibitory zones in order 7,46 mm; 7,52 mm; 7,60 mm; 8,52 mm; dan 8,98 mm. 96% of ethanolic extract M. paradisiaca L. skin was able to form radical inhibitory zones at all concentrations of K. pneumoniae growth, but was unable to produce radical inhibitory zones equivalent to the 5µg ciprofloxacin antibiotic sensitive criteria based on CLSI 2018 on the growth of K. pneumoniae
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP Shigella dysenteriae
Get PDFKasus diare di Indonesia pada umumnya disebabkan oleh masalah kebersihan lingkungan, makanan, dan infeksi mikroorganisme. Salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab diare adalah bakteri Shigella dysenteriae. Kulit pisang diketahui mempunyai sifat anti bakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak etanol 96% limbah kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) membentuk zona radikal terhadap Shigella dysentriae berdasarkan variasi konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test with control. Ekstrak etanol 96% kulit Musa paradisiaca L. dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode cakram dengan kontrol negatif DMSO 10% dan kontrol positif ciprofloxacin 5 µg, dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis Anova satu jalur. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan terbentuknya zona hambat pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100% berturut-turut 6,09 mm, 6,26 mm, 6,58 mm, 7,58 mm, dan 9,00 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi zat antibakteri maka semakin besar juga zona hambat radikal yang terbentuk. Uji Anova satu jalur diperoleh nilai p ≤ 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% kulit Musa paradisiaca L. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Shigella dysenteriae.
Diarrhea cases in Indonesia are generally due to environmental problems, food hygiene, and microorganism infections. One of the microorganisms that cause diarrhea is Shigella dysenteriae. Banana peels are known have antibacterial properties. The purpose of this project was to study the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract of Kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel waste with variations concentration on the growth of Shigella dysenteriae. This study uses an experimental analytic research design by post test with control. Ethanol extract 96% of the peels of Musa paradisiaca L. was made with a composition variation of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Antibacterial activity was tested by disc-method with DMSO as negative control and ciprofloxacin as positive control. The data obtained were analyzed with one way Anova. The results of this study indicate the formation of inhibition zones at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% collected 6.09 mm, 6.26 mm, 6.58 mm, 7.58 mm, and 9,00 mm. This data shows that the greater the concentration of antibacterial substances, the greater the zone of radical inhibition formed. Anova one path test obtained p value 0.001, so it can conclude that ethanol extract 96% of the skin of Musa paradisiaca L. able to inhibit the growth of Shigella dysenteriae
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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