1,721,038 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
DOP-PCR amplification of whole genomic DNA and microchip-based capillary electrophoresis.
No full textUniversal or whole genome amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and efficient method to generate fragments representing the target sequence, as well as to increase a limited amount of template. One of the most common PCR protocols for total genome amplification is the interspersed repetitive sequence-PCR (IRS-PCR) in which primers specific for human repeat-rich regions are used to generate PCR products between adjacent repeated sequences (1). However, although IRS-PCR across regions such as Alu families of human repeat has been demonstrated to be useful, the nonuniform distribution of repeat-rich region within the human genome has been a limitation. Alternative strategies have been proposed. In the primer-extension preamplification (PEP), multiple rounds of extensions with Taq DNA polymerase and a random mixture of 15-base oligonucleotides as primers produce multiple copies of the template present in the sample (2–5). In a more demanding protocol, called linker adaptor-PCR, RsaI restricted genomic DNA fragments are ligated to SmaI-cut pUC plasmid. Subsequently, the inserts are amplified by PCR using the universal M13/pUC sequencing and reverse sequencing primers and then released by EcoRI digestion (6). The tagged random primer PCR (T-PCR) is a two-step PCR strategy which consists of a pool of all possible 3'-sequences for binding to the target DNA and a constant 5'-region for the detection of incorporated primers (7). Recently, degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) was developed to allow random amplification of DNA from any source (8–10). DOP-PCR uses a partially degenerate sequence in a PCR protocol with two different annealing temperatures. It has been successfully applied for amplifying entire genomes such as human, mouse, and fruit fly, as well as isolated human chromosomes and cosmids (11). The technique has also been used to prepare whole chromosome paint probes (11,12) for micro-FISH assays (13–15), comparative genomic hybridization (16), to increase the amount of sample for genotyping (17), and genomic fingerprinting (18). The DOP-PCR primer consists of three regions. The 5'-end carries a recognition sequence for XhoI (C•TCGAG), a restriction endonuclease that cuts rarely within the human genome. This sequence can be used for cloning, if desired. The sequence is then followed by a middle portion containing six nucleotides of degenerate sequence (NNNNNN, where N = A, C, G, or T in approximately equal proportions) and a 3'-end sequence containing six specific bases (ATGTGG) which primes the reaction approximately every 4 kb (8,9). The principle of the technique is that at a sufficiently low annealing temperature only the six specific nucleotides included in the 3'-end of the degenerate oligonucleotide will anneal to the genomic strand allowing the primer to initiate PCR. The PCR fragments are then generated which contain the full length of the oligoprimer at one end and its complementary sequence at the other end. Subsequently, the temperature is increased to the level required for the full length of the degenerate primer to anneal. For additional details, we direct the reader to the original papers (8,9). We have adapted the DOP-PCR technique to a three-microchip format (19). DOP-PCR amplified genomic DNA produced in a first silicon-glass chip is transferred to a second chip for a locus-specific, multiplex PCR of the dystrophin gene exons in order to detect deletions causing Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Amplicons from the multiplex-PCR are then analyzed by electrophoresis in a third microchip. The analytical performance of the microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) is also compared to conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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