100 research outputs found
Lesion mapping in acute stroke aphasia and its implications for recovery
No full textItem does not contain fulltextPatients with stroke offer a unique window into understanding human brain function. Mapping stroke lesions poses several challenges due to the complexity of the lesion anatomy and the mechanisms causing local and remote disruption on brain networks. In this prospective longitudinal study, we compare standard and advanced approaches to white matter lesion mapping applied to acute stroke patients with aphasia. Eighteen patients with acute left hemisphere stroke were recruited and scanned within two weeks from symptom onset. Aphasia assessment was performed at baseline and six-month follow-up. Structural and diffusion MRI contrasts indicated an area of maximum overlap in the anterior external/extreme capsule with diffusion images showing a larger overlap extending into posterior perisylvian regions. Anatomical predictors of recovery included damage to ipsilesional tracts (as shown by both structural and diffusion images) and contralesional tracts (as shown by diffusion images only). These findings indicate converging results from structural and diffusion lesion mapping methods but also clear differences between the two approaches in their ability to identify predictors of recovery outside the lesioned regions.13 p
The World Loanword Database (WOLD) 2009
No full text<p>Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) 2009. World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://wold.clld.org)</p>This deposit contains both, the data of WOLD as well as the software serving http://wold.clld.org. Robert Forkel is author of the latter
D-PLACE aggregated dataset
No full text<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p>
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<p>Kathryn R. Kirby, Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill, Fiona M. Jordan, Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Hans-Jörg Bibiko, Damián E. Blasi, Carlos A. Botero, Claire Bowern, Carol R. Ember, Dan Leehr, Bobbi S. Low, Joe McCarter, William Divale, and Michael C. Gavin. (2016). D-PLACE: A Global Database of Cultural, Linguistic and Environmental Diversity. PLoS ONE, 11(7): e0158391. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158391.</p>
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White matter variability, cognition, and disorders: a systematic review
No full textInter-individual differences can inform treatment procedures and - if accounted for - can significantly improve patient outcomes. However, when studying brain anatomy, these inter-individual variations are largely unaccounted for, despite reports of differences in gross anatomical features, cross-sectional and connectional anatomy. Brain connections are essential to mediate brain functional organisation and, when severed, cause functional impairments or complete loss of function. Hence the study of cerebral white matter may be an ideal compromise to capture inter-individual variability in structure and function. Here we reviewed the wealth of studies that associate functions and clinical symptoms with individual tracts using diffusion tractography. Our systematic review indicates that tractography has proven to be a sensitive method in neurology, psychiatry and healthy populations to identify variability and its functional correlates. However, the literature may be biased, as we identified that the most commonly reported tracts are not necessarily those with the highest sensitivity to cognitive functions and pathologies. Finally, we demonstrate that tracts, as we define them, are not usually correlated with only one, but rather multiple cognitive domains or pathologies. While our systematic review identified some methodological caveats, it also suggests that tract-function correlations might be a promising biomarker for precision medicine as it characterises variations in brain anatomy, differences in functional organisation and predict resilience or recovery in patients
Dissecting white matter pathways: A neuroanatomical approach
No full textThe brain is the most magnificent structure, and we are only at the cusp of unravelling some of its complexity. Neuroanatomy is the best tool for mapping the brain’s structural complexity. As such, neuroanatomy is not just an academic exercise; it serves our fundamental understanding of the neurobiology of cognition and improves clinical practice. A deepened anatomical understanding has advanced our conceptual grasp of the evolution of the brain, interindividual variability of cognition in health and disease, and the conceptual shift toward the emergence of cognition. For the past 20 years, diffusion imaging tractography has dramatically facilitated these advances by enabling the study of the delicate networks that orchestrate brain processes (for review, see (Thiebaut de Schotten and Forkel, 2022)
Lesion-Symptom Mapping: From Single Cases to the Human Disconnectome
No full textLesion symptom mapping has revolutionized our understanding of the functioning of the human brain. Associating damaged voxels in the brain with loss of function has created a map of the brain that identifies critical areas. While these methods have significantly advanced our understanding, recent improvements have identified the need for multivariate and multimodal methods to map hidden lesions and damage to white matter networks beyond the lesion voxels. This article reviews the evolution of lesion-symptom mapping from single case studies to the human disconnectome
Identification of anatomical predictors of language recovery after stroke-induced aphasia using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
No full textD-PLACE/dplace-data: D-PLACE – the Database of Places, Language, Culture and Environment
No full text<p>Kathryn R. Kirby, Russell D. Gray, Simon J. Greenhill, Fiona M. Jordan, Stephanie Gomes-Ng, Hans-Jörg Bibiko, … Michael C. Gavin. (2016). D-PLACE – the Database of Places, Language, Culture and Environment v1.0 [Data set].
<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.439199"></a></p>
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