446 research outputs found
Rewriting Dante: The Creation of an Author from the Middle Ages to Modernity
No full textRewriting Dante explores Dante’s reception and the construction of his figure as an author in early lyric anthologies and modern editions. While Dante’s reception and his transformation into a cultural authority have traditionally been investigated from the point of view of the Commedia, I argue that these lyric anthologies provide a new perspective for understanding how the physical act of rewriting Dante’s poems in various combinations and with other texts has shaped what I call after Foucault the "Dante-function” and consecrated Dante as an author from the Middle Ages to Modernity. The study of these lyric anthologies widens our understanding of the process of Dante’s canonization as an author and, thus, as an authority (auctor & auctoritas), advancing our awareness of authors both as entities that generate power and that are generated by power. By addressing the creation of his authoritative figure from its inception, this study sheds light on cultural production, both as a collective, almost anonymous, process and as a result of the intervention of prominent (and less prominent) individuals. By concentrating on the part of Dante’s oeuvre that may be considered less authoritative, that is, his lyric poetry, my study emphasizes aspects of the “Dante-function” that go unobserved when focusing exclusively on the Commedia. This research interweaves the critical discourses related to the emergence of the author in the Late Middle Ages (Minnis, Ascoli, Auctor et Auctoritas) and the birth of the songbook as a literary genre (Barolini, Bertolucci Pizzorusso, Galvez, Holmes), also touching on the twentieth-century alleged ‘death of the author’ (Barthes, Foucault, Benedetti). I concentrate on the crucial function of editors and anthologists as mediators in the canonization of Dante through the material construction of manuscripts and books. This question has led me to explore canon making as a structure of power and the interplay of cultural hegemonies in its creation. I approach this problem through the lens of material philology because it is a productive interdisciplinary methodology, as is seen in the work of historians of the book McKenzie and Petrucci, and literary critics Eisner, Storey, and Nichols.</p
FootForm Decomposed: Using primitive constraints in OT
No full textHayes (1995) gives a typology of the world's metrical stress systems, which is marked by several striking asymmetries (parametric gaps). Most work on metrical stress within Optimality Theory (OT) has adopted this typology without explaining the gaps. Moreover, the OT versions use uncomfortably non-local constraints (Align, FootForm, FtBin).
This paper presents a rather different and in some ways more explanatory typology of stress, couched in the restrictive framework of primitive Optimality Theory (OTP), which allows only primitive, radically local constraints. For example, Generalized Alignment is not allowed. The paper presents a single, coherent system of rerankable constraints that yields the basic facts about iambic and trochaic foot form, iambic lengthening, quantity sensitivity, unbounded feet, simple word-initial and word-final stress, directionality of footing, syllable (and foot) extrametricality, degenerate feet, and word-level stress.
The metrical part of the account rests on the following intuitions:
(a) iambs are special because syllable structure allows them to lengthen their strong ends;
(b) directionality of footing is really the result of local lapse avoidance;
(c) any lapses are forced by a (localist) generalization of right extrametricality;
(d) degenerate feet are absolutely banned, but primary stress does not require a foot in all languages.
An interesting prediction of (b) and (c) is that left-to-right trochees should be incompatible with extrametricality. This prediction is robustly confirmed in Hayes.The definitive version of this paper was published in the Proceedings of the 8th Student Conference in Linguistics (1997) and is available at http://mitwpl.mit.edu/catalog/mwpl31/Eisner, J. (1997). FootForm decomposed: Using primitive constraints in OT. In B. Bruening (Ed.) Proceedings of the 8th Student Conference in Linguistics (pp. 115-143). Cambridge, MA: Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.This material is based upon work supported under a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship
Recuadros y ventanas: los ojos de la ciudad de WILL EISNER
No full textNa cidade vemos o mundo enquadrado e nosso horizonte, muitas vezes, assemelham-se a uma linha tracejada. Na Novela Gráfica de Will Eisner, os requadros não só são utilizados para representar as estruturas que recortam a vida urbana, mas também são um convite para que o próprio leitor conecte as cenas. Assim, o autor constrói aos poucos, com palavras e desenhos, um olhar crítico às formas que a cidade nos impõe e como nos afeta.En la ciudad vemos el mundo en recuadros y el horizonte a menudo se asemeja a una línea discontinua. En la novela gráfica de Will Eisner, los recuadros no solo son para representar las estructuras que dan forma a la vida urbana, sino que también son una invitación para que el lector conecte las escenas. Así, el autor construye, con palabras y dibujos, un visón crítico de las formas que nos impone la urbanidad y cómo ella nos afecta.In the city, life is seen as a square frame and we can often contemplate a dashed line as the horizon. In Will Eisner\u27s Graphic Novel, the frames are not just a reproduction of structures that are cutting the urban life, but also as an invitation to connect the scenes. Therefore, the author composes a critical view, through words and drawings, concerning the shapes that the city imposes on us and how it affects us
The fate of land evaporation - A global dataset
No full textThis work provides a global dataset on the fate of land evaporation for a fine-meshed grid of source and receptor cells. The dataset was created through a global run of the numerical moisture tracking model WAM-2layers. The tracking was conducted on a 1.5° * 1.5° grid and was based on reanalysis data from the ERA-Interim database. Climatic input data were incorporated in 3 respectively 6-hour time steps and represent the time period from 2001 to 2018. The tracking direction was forwards in time and the geographical borders of the model were located at +/- 79.5° latitude. As a result of the model run, the annual as well as the monthly average fate of evaporation was determined for 8684 land grid cells (all land cells except those located within Greenland and Antarctica) and provided via source-receptor matrices. The gained dataset was complemented via an aggregation to country and basin scales in order to highlight possible usages for areas of interest larger than grid cells. This resulted in data for 265 countries and 8223 basins. Finally, five types of source-receptor matrices for average moisture transfers were chosen to build the core of the dataset: land grid cell to grid cell, country to grid cell, basin to grid cell, country to country, basin to basin. Besides providing results averaged over the considered period (basic dataset), inter-annual results on a grid cell basis (inter-annual dataset) were added in addition. The dataset is the first ready-to-download dataset providing the overall fate of evaporation for land-cells of a global fine-meshed grid in monthly resolution. At the same time, information on the sources of precipitation can be extracted from it. It could be used for investigations into average annual, seasonal and inter-annual sink and source regions of atmospheric moisture from land masses for most of the regions in the world and comes along with example scripts for the readout and plotting of the data
From 'garden city precursors' to 'cemeteries for the living': contemporary discourse on Krupp housing and "Besucherpolitik" in Wilhelmine Germany
No full textIn the Wilhelmine era (1871-1918) the Krupp steel company developed into Germany's largest industrial establishment and most famous armaments manufacturer. While the firm further cultivated its reputation as 'Cannon Kings', it claimed to be a leader in an entirely different area: the provision of housing. Extensively marketed through company publications, displays at international exhibitions and its Besucherpolitik (visitor policy), Krupp's housing developments in Essen generated considerable domestic and international interest. During a period when the housing question increasingly entered the political realm, high-profile individuals such as Kurt Eisner, Hannes Meyer and Alfred von Tirpitz all passionately expressed their views on Krupp's housing developments. This article assesses their historically neglected first-hand observations against the quantitative and qualitative housing achievements of the steel giant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
Comprehensive evaluation of the WaterGAP3 model across climatic, physiographic, and anthropogenic gradients
No full textArts-based instructional leadership: Crafting a supervisory practice that supports the art of teaching
No full textIf teaching at its best is an art (Davis, 2005; Sarason, 1999; Grumet, 1993; Eisner, 1985; Barone, 1983; Greene, 1971; Smith 1971), then instructional leadership of teaching, done best, must also be based in art (Behar-Horenstein, 2004; Klein, 1999; Eisner, 1983 & 1998a; Blumberg, 1989; Barone, 1998). The author examines possible applications of an arts-based approach to instructional leadership (Blumberg, 1989; Pajak, 2003; Barone, 1998). Building on the research base regarding instructional leadership as art form, the author combines the Feldman Method (Feldman, 1995) of critique, Eisner’s (1998) notion of connoisseurship, and Ragans’ (2005) articulation of the elements of art and the principles of design to construct a practice that captures both the technical craft of teaching and the aesthetic dimensions evident in artistic pedagogy (Eisner, 1983; Sarason, 1999). Preliminary results of an ongoing implementation study are presented
Barone, Tom, Aesthetics, Politics, and Educational Inquiry: Essays and Examples. New York: Peter Lang, 2000.
No full textReprints 14 essays by the author (organized around the influences of Eisner, Dewey, Rorty, Sarte, and Bakhtin) describing and demonstrating the use of narrative inquiry in education
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