1,023 research outputs found
Giving everything for athletic success! – Sports-specific risk acceptance of elite adolescent athletes
No full textWeight-control behaviour and weight-concerns in young elite athletes – a systematic review
No full textWeight-control behaviour is commonly observed in a wide range of elite sports, especially leanness sports, where control over body weight is crucial for high peak performance. Nonetheless, there is only a fine line between purely functional behaviour and clinically relevant eating disorders. Especially the rapid form of weight manipulation seems to foster later eating disorders. So far, most studies have focussed on adult athletes and concentrated on manifest eating disorders. In contrast, our review concentrates on young athletes and weight-control behaviour as a risk factor for eating disorders. An electronic search according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement was performed using Pubmed, PsychInfo and Spolit. The following search terms were used: weight-control, weight-control behaviour, weight gain, weight loss, pathogenic weight-control behaviour and weight-concerns, each of them combined with elite athlete, young elite athlete, adolescent elite athlete and elite sports. Overall, data are inconsistent. In general, athletes do not seem to be at a higher risk for pathogenic weight concerns and weight-control behaviour. It does seem to be more prevalent in leanness sports, though. There is evidence for pathogenic weight-control behaviour in both genders; male athletes mostly trying to gain weight whereas females emphasise weight reduction. There is not enough data to make predictions about connections with age of onset. Young elite athletes do show weight-control behaviour with varying degrees of frequency and severity. In particular, leanness sports seem to be a risk factor for weight manipulation. Further research is needed for more details and possible connections
Learning objectives for psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy in light of the National Competency-Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Medicine (NKLM)
No full textObjective: The "National Competency-Based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Medicine" ("Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin," NKLM) is a core curriculum developed for medical training. Here, the classic division by discipline and organ system has been abandoned, which requires each discipline to define its own core curriculum in specific catalogues of learning objectives. This article presents such a catalogue for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy. Method: A two-step DELPHI-method was used to survey faculty representatives for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy. It reflected the discipline-specific university catalogues of learning objectives as well as the NKLM. A catalogue of learning objectives was then developed and approved. Results: The catalogue consists of two parts: (1) a 12-module core curriculum for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy and (2) selected interdisciplinary learning objectives from the NKLM with relevant participation of the discipline in ten modules. Discussion: For the first time in Germany, this article presents a catalogue of learning objectives for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy that is agreed upon by the relevant representatives. This enables the integration of psychosomatic and psychotherapeutic teaching contents from a department into the overall curriculum as required by the NKLM. In the future, methods should be established to allow regular updating and further development of this catalogue
Food-related impulsivity assessed by longitudinal laboratory tasks is reduced in patients with binge eating disorder in a randomized controlled trial
No full textCompete or rest? Willingness to compete hurt among adolescent elite athletes
No full textObjective Training and competing despite underlying health problems is a common social practice in sport. Adolescent elite athletes are particularly vulnerable to possible health consequences of this risky behavior due to their very sensitive developmental stage. Conceptualizing this phenomenon of playing hurt as sickness presenteeism, and taking the concept of absence/presence legitimacy into account, this paper analyzes the propensity of adolescent elite athletes to compete in the face of health problems. The central aim is to empirically identify characteristics of elite sport subcultures which affect athletes’ willingness to compete hurt (WCH). Materials & methods
Based on a comprehensive sample of 1138 German elite adolescent athletes from all Olympic sports (14–18 years), the paper applies classification tree analysis to analyze the social and individual determinants of the WCH. Results
Determinants on three hierarchical levels were identified, including type of sport, perceptions of social pressure, coach's leadership style and athletes' age. The group with the highest WCH were athletes from technical sports who have a coach with an autocratic leadership style. Second was athletes from ball games, and those in aesthetic and weight-dependent sports, aged between 17 and 18 years old. The lowest mean WCH-score, by some distance, occurred amongst the group of endurance and power sports athletes who experienced no direct social pressure to play hurt. Conclusions The findings enhance our understanding of absence/presence legitimacy in highly competitive social contexts and contribute to the development of more effective target-group-specific health prevention programs for young athletes
Eating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletes
No full textWe aimed to investigate eating disorder pathology in German elite adolescent athletes. Evidence suggests that eating disorder pathology is more common in adult elite sports, especially in female athletes and in sports emphasizing leanness. There is a scarcity of studies in elite adolescent athletes who are in a vulnerable developmental stage and are affected by general as well as sport-specific risk factors
Refugee Mental Health
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Impaired gastric myoelectrical reactivity in children and adolescents with obesity compared to normal-weight controls
No full textObesity often has its onset in childhood and can be accompanied by various comorbidities such as functional gastrointestinal disorders and altered gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA). This study investigates whether obesity in childhood and adolescence is already associated with altered GMA, and whether an inpatient weight loss program affects GMA. Sixty children with obesity (OBE) and 27 normal-weight children (NW) (12.9 ± 1.7 years; 51% female) were compared for their GMA at rest, after a stress test, and after a drink-to-full water load test. A continuous electrogastrogram (EGG) was recorded and analyzed with respect to gastric slow waves and tachygastric activity. OBE were examined upon admission (T1) and before discharge (T2) following an inpatient weight loss program; NW served as control group. Compared to NW, children with obesity showed flattened GMA as indicated by lower tachygastric reactivity after stress and water load test at T1. Data of OBE did not differ between T1 and T2. EGG parameters were associated neither with sex, age, and BMI nor with subjective stress and food intake. Children with obesity show impaired gastric myoelectrical reactivity in response to a stress and water load test compared to normal-weight controls, which does not change during an inpatient weight loss program
Words count in psychotherapy: Differentiating language characteristics of cognitive behavioral therapy and focal psychodynamic therapy for anorexia nervosa.
No full textMental Health Variables Impact Weight Loss, Especially in Patients with Obesity and Binge Eating: A Mediation Model on the Role of Eating Disorder Pathology
No full textBackground: Various mental health and eating behavior variables have been independently associated with predicting weight loss in individuals with obesity. This study aims to investigate a mediation model that assesses the distinct contributions of these variables in predicting weight changes in patients with obesity following an outpatient behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). Methods: General mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity), eating behavior (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger), eating disorder pathology, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in a group of 297 patients with obesity at the admission of a BWLI program. BMI was re-evaluated during the final treatment session. A mediation model was employed to examine whether mental health and eating behavior variables predicted BMI changes, with eating disorder pathology serving as a mediator. The model was tested both overall and within two patient subgroups: those with regular binge eating (>= four episodes/month) and those without. Results: In the overall sample (n = 238), the relationships between depression, impulsivity, and cognitive restraint with BMI change were mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup with regular binge eating (n = 99, 41.6%), the associations between stress and disinhibition with BMI change were additionally mediated by eating disorder pathology. In the subgroup without regular binge eating, eating disorder pathology showed no mediating effect. Discussion: Multiple mental health and eating behavior variables assessed at admission predicted BMI changes, particularly when mediated by eating disorder pathology in patients with regular binge eating. A comprehensive psychopathological assessment prior to starting BWLI may help identify multiple factors affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. Long-term follow-up studies in this field are required
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