1,721,126 research outputs found
Computational approaches to psychiatry
No full textA major reason for disappointing progress of psychiatric diagnostics and nosology is the lack of tests which enable mechanistic inference on disease processes within individual patients. The resulting inability to pursue formal differential diagnosis has forced the field to stick to symptom-based diagnostic schemes with limited predictive validity concerning treatment response and clinical outcome. A promising new approach is the use of computational modeling for inferring mechanisms which generate observed behavior and brain activity in psychiatric patients. However, while this computational approach to psychiatry is rapidly gaining attention, much work remains to be done to finesse existing computational models, making them 'fit for practice' in a clinical setting and proving their validity in longitudinal studies. This review outlines recent methodological advances and strategies in this regard, focusing on generative models which infer mechanistically interpretable parameters (of computational or physiological processes) from measured behavior and brain activity. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Funktionelle und effektive Konnektivität
No full textZusammenfassung
Neurophysiologische und bildgebende Verfahren zur Messung von Hirnaktivität, wie fMRI oder EEG, werden in den Neurowissenschaften eingesetzt, um Prozesse funktioneller Spezialisierung und funktioneller Integration im menschlichen Gehirn zu untersuchen. Funktionelle Integration kann auf zwei verschiedene Arten beschrieben werden: funktionelle Konnektivität und effektive Konnektivität. Während die funktionelle Konnektivität lediglich statistische Abhängigkeiten zwischen Zeitreihen beschreibt, erfordert das Konzept der effektiven Konnektivität ein mechanistisches Modell der kausalen Effekte, die den beobachteten Daten zu Grunde liegen. Dieser Artikel fasst die konzeptionellen und methodischen Grundlagen moderner Techniken für die Analyse funktioneller und effektiver Konnektivität auf der Basis von fMRI und elektrophysiologischen Daten zusammen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), einem neuen Verfahren zur Analyse nichtlinearer neuronaler Systeme. Diese Methode besitzt ein vielversprechendes Potenzial für klinische Anwendungen, z. B. zur Entschlüsselung pathophysiologischer Mechanismen bei Hirnerkrankungen und zur Etablierung neurophysiologisch fundierter diagnostischer Klassifikationen.
Abstract
Neurophysiological and imaging procedures to measure brain activity, such as fMRI or EEG, are employed in neuroscience to investigate processes of functional specialisation and functional integration in the human brain. Functioal integration can be described in two distinct ways: functional connectivity and effective connectivity. Whereas functional connectivity merely describes the statistical dependence between two time series, the concept of effective connectivity requires a mechanistic model of the causative effects upon which the data to be observed are based. This article summarises the conceptual and methodological principles of modern techniques for the analysis of functional and effective connectivity on the basis of fMRI and electrophysiological data. Particular emphasis is placed on dynamic causal modelling (DCM), a new procedure for the analysis of non-linear neuronal systems. This method has a highly promising potential for clinical applications, e. g., for decoding pathological mechanisms in brain diseases and for the establishment of neurologically valid diagnostic classifications
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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