1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Physiological Changes during an Ultramarathon in Extreme Cold: The Yukon Arctic Ultra, the Longest and Coldest Ultramarathon
Full text linkAn increasing number of people engage in endurance exercise, however, current literature lacks information regarding changes during ultramarathons of very long distances at very low intensity, i.e., walking instead of running. In addition, adverse conditions, like very cold climate, have not been investigated in such settings. Furthermore, the physiological processes linking functions like energy expenditure, metabolism, stress, and resilience, are still not well understood or lack investigation all together.
The Yukon Arctic Ultra (YAU) has been coined to be the longest and the coldest ultramarathon in the world, as it challenges athletes to complete the very long distance of 690 km under the extremely cold climate conditions of North-Canadian subarctic winter. YAU athletes face the challenges of long-term endurance exercise in a very cold climate and under diminished resting conditions. Thusly, the YAU served as a model to investigate physiological changes among healthy athletes during an ultra-long endurance exercise in extremely cold climate.
The presented investigation revealed considerable increases in energy expenditure among the athletes, of up to more than four times resting metabolic rate, along with a marked energy deficit, changes in body composition with reductions in fat mass while fat free mass could mostly be retained, possibly to the exercise- and cold-induced release of myokines like irisin and follistatin.
Furthermore, analysis of vegetative control expressed through heart rate variability, as well as of mood through psychometric measurements, revealed that the more successful athletes, who would eventually be able to finish the race, showed better adaptation to the race demands, with less depression, anxiety and anger, but greater vigor and higher alertness. They also exhibited a faster restoration of vagal predominance during the race with a better ability to relax and restore, leading to less sleepiness and greater vigilance compared to the non-finishing athletes.
Resilience, as the ability to cope with stressful events, appears to be a key element during such a race and neuropeptide Y has been discussed as a mediator in resilience reactions. The analyses revealed that during this race, neuropeptide Y was associated with less confusion and better quality of recovery among the finisher group and that overall neuropeptide Y was increasingly released among the athletes compared to the less challenged control group.
Another influence was the factor sex, indicating that the female athletes were not only as successful as the male participants to complete the whole race, but that women completed an overall greater distance, when accounting for all covered distances. Women, with a moving speed of 3.7 km/h, were considerably slower than men at 4.6 km/h, which may have saved energy stores and allowed them to predominantly use fat as a long-term energy source.
In addition, it was shown that ultra-long endurance exercise may lead to shedding of endothelial glycocalyx elements and that these elements appear to be differently susceptible to that shedding. Sex, age, and covered distance all appeared to have an influence on the observed changes.
The analyses of physiological changes during the Yukon Arctic Ultra have revealed a multitude of endurance- and cold-exposure-related alterations. This ultramarathon has thusly proven to be an outstanding model to study human adaptation capabilities to extreme environments under real-life field conditions that could otherwise not be replicated in a laboratory setting
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physiological long term changes in overwinterers in the Antarctic with particular consideration of activity parameters
No full textAufenthalte des Menschen in Extremen Umwelten wie der Antarktis sowie in
anderen isolierten und beengten Umgebungen können als Analog für Aufenthalte
des Menschen im Weltraum dienen. Ziel der vorgelegten Arbeit war es vor diesem
Hintergrund, die Langzeitveränderungen bei Teilnehmern von vier
Überwinterungsstaffeln in der Antarktis hinsichtlich der
Körperzusammensetzung, des Schlafes und des Energieumsatzes sowie
verschiedener Hormon- und Stoffwechselparameter zu untersuchen.Residence of humans in extreme environments such as the Antarctic as well as
in other isolated and confined environments can be used as an analog for the
stay of humans in outer space. Therefore it was the purpose of this thesis to
investigate the long term changes in participants of four overwintering
campaigns in the Antarctic regarding body composition, sleep, energy
expenditure and various hormonal and metabolic parameters
Physiologische Langzeitveränderungen bei Überwinterern in der Antarktis unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Aktivitätsparametern
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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