1,720,972 research outputs found
How we treat primary central nervous system lymphoma
Full text linkPrimary diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) lymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) (PCNSL) is a new lymphoma entity, recognized by the 2017 WHO classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors. Unlike systemic DLBCL, the use of anthracycline-based chemotherapy combinations is associated with disappointing outcomes, due to low CNS bioavailability of related drugs. Therefore, international researchers investigated alternative strategies, mostly including drugs able to cross the blood–brain-barrier at low or high doses, with a progressive improvement in survival. Some effective chemotherapy combinations of high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with alkylating agents and rituximab with or without cytarabine have been tested in international randomized trials and represent the induction treatment in everyday practice, with some variations among different geographical areas. In patients aged 70 years or younger, MATRix (HD-MTX/cytarabine/thiotepa/rituximab) chemotherapy followed by consolidative high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem cell transplantation or whole-brain irradiation has been associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Other treatment options, such as non-myeloablative high-dose chemotherapy, oral drug maintenance, and some targeted drugs like ibrutinib or lenalidomide, are being tested in high-level international trials. These steps toward further effective treatments are motivated by an incessant search for less neurotoxic options. Thanks to international cooperation, we can affirm that PCNSL is a potentially curable tumor, especially in young patients. However, several questions remain unanswered: the optimal treatment for elderly patients as well as the management of intraocular and meningeal disease require further scientific efforts. Beside treatments, advances on molecular and radiological diagnostic tools will increase our knowledge of this disease, allowing the possibility to anticipate diagnosis and to better categorize patients' responses. This article analyzes the available literature in this setting and provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of PCNSL patients
Implications of recent molecular achievements in early diagnosis and precision treatments for primary CNS lymphoma
No full textIntroduction: Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the central nervous system (PCNSL) represents a relevant challenge in onco-hematology. PCNSL has specific molecular profile and biological characteristics that distinguish it from systemic DLBCL. Several translational studies have allowed for significant improvement in the knowledge about its genomic and molecular profile. High-dose-methotrexate-based chemotherapy followed whole-brain irradiation or autologous stem cell transplantation is the most commonly used therapeutic approach in PCNSL patients. Areas covered: This work provides an overview of the new biomarkers of PCNSL, focusing on their potential diagnostic, predictive and prognostic role. Publications in English language, peer-reviewed, high-quality international journals, were identified on PubMed. Expert opinion: Early diagnosis, a better antitumor response definition and recognition of new effective treatments are important research fields aiming to improve PCNSL outcome and management. The acquisition of new molecular and genomic knowledge in PCNSL has allowed for the attainment of promising diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as the development of clinical trials with new therapeutic approaches beyond chemotherapy agents, which have demonstrated activity in refractory/relapsed PCNSL and deserve to be investigated in first-line therapy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A narrative review of consolidation strategies for young and fit patients with newly-diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma
No full textIntroduction: The modern treatment of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) consists of two phases: induction, currently represented by a high-dose-methotrexate-based polychemotherapy, and consolidation. The optimal consolidation therapy has not been defined yet, but several strategies, such as whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT), high-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation (HDC/ASCT) or nonmyeloablative chemotherapy, have been addressed in important randomized trials. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the current role of consolidation strategies in young and fit patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL. Publications in English language, peer-reviewed, from high-quality international journals, edited from 2003 to 2021 were identified on PubMed. Expert opinion: Consolidation treatment significantly improved outcomes of PCNSL. Radiotherapy had represented for years the only choice in the consolidation therapy, but large randomized trials have demonstrated that HDC/ASCT is equally effective and associated with lower neurotoxicity risk in patients younger than 65–70 years. Encouraging results have been obtained using reduced-dose WBRT, while a recent randomized trial failed to demonstrate that consolidation with nonmyeloablative chemotherapy is more effective than HDC/ASCT in PCNSL patients. A personalized consolidation treatment, driven also by a response prediction model based on radiological and molecular details, may improve the management of PCNSL patients
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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