1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Φασματοσκοπία πλάσματος επαγόμενου από λέϊζερ και τεχνικές μηχανικής εκμάθησης για την πιστοποίηση/ταξινόμηση διατροφικών προϊόντων: η περίπτωση του ελαιολάδου
No full textSince the development of the laser, the scientific landscape has altered dramatically, resulting in novel experimental methodologies and a variety of technological spinoffs. One field-deployable analytical approach is Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), sometimes termed Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIPS). LIBS employs a high-energy pulsed laser to produce a plasma that vaporizes a sample. Spectral characteristics produced by excited species, i.e., atoms, ions and molecules, are utilized to gather quantitative and qualitative analytical information about the sample. Due to the fact that the optical emission from the plasma comprises the spectral signatures of all the elements present in the sample material, the elemental composition of the investigated sample may be rapidly determined by observing its LIBS spectra. LIBS offers the remarkable capability to perform multielement real-time analysis, which is not achievable with other traditional techniques. However, due to its relatively low sensitivity, the detection of trace elements remains difficult, which is a key disadvantage of this approach. The first record of a laser produced plasma was reported almost immediately after the invention of the laser, while within the last three decades a considerable number of LIBS-related applications have been proposed and realized. Moreover, statistical approaches for analyzing LIBS spectra are being improved, and commercialized LIBS instruments are available, while theoretical and computational models of plasma formation and expansion have been thoroughly examined through experiments. In the past decade, chemometric and machine learning tools for analyzing LIBS spectroscopic data have reignited scientific interest in LIBS-related applications, because of the huge datasets with thousands of variables provided in extremely quick acquisition times, compared to other spectroscopic techniques. An emerging and challenging application is the analysis of foodstuff, mainly as a quality assurance method. In this thesis the application of LIBS, assisted by machine learning, to the analysis of olive oils is investigated. The classification of different olive oils is performed based either on their geographical or cultivar origins. Different machine learning algorithms are tested and the analysis of the LIBS data provides insight into the spectral features that are most important for the successful classification. Moreover, a direct comparison of LIBS with absorption spectroscopy is performed, and the subsequent fusion of the different spectroscopic data is performed to enhance the classification accuracy. In that spirit, this work demonstrates the enhanced capabilities of LIBS for the analysis of foodstuff, as a tool proposed for the quality assessment of olive oil products. Chapter 1 of the present thesis provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art concerning the application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for the analysis of foodstuff, in general. Special emphasis is given to several foods of interest, such as olive oil, honey and milk. The principles of LIBS technique are discussed and described in detail. A summary of the machine learning methods used in LIBS analyses is given, with emphasis on the validation of the predictive models, as well. Then, specific food science applications of LIBS are presented thoroughly. In Chapter 2 LIBS spectra from a total of 139 extra virgin and virgin olive oil samples (EVOOs and VOOs) are classified based on the samples’ geographical origins. Different machine learning algorithms are employed. These are Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Extremely Randomized Classification Trees (ERTC) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and their classification performance is assessed. Additionally, the spectral features’ importance on the classification was calculated and the most important ones were identified. In Chapter 3 a comparative study between LIBS and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy is presented and performed, regarding the classification of olive oils based on their geographical origins. Both LIBS and absorption spectra were initially preprocessed by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and were subsequently used for the construction of predictive models, employing LDA and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Following, in Chapter 4, extra virgin olive oils are discriminated based on their cultivar origin. In continuation to Chapter 3, LIBS and absorption spectra of the samples are classified by employing LDA and Gradient Boosting algorithms and the subsequent fusion of the two different origins spectroscopic data, i.e., the emission and the absorption spectra, is proposed as an efficient strategy for predicting the cultivar origin of olive oils.Από την ανάπτυξη του λέιζερ, το επιστημονικό τοπίο έχει αλλάξει δραματικά, με αποτέλεσμα νέες πειραματικές μεθοδολογίες και ποικίλες τεχνολογικές εφαρμογές. Μια αναλυτική τεχνική που μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί στο πεδίο είναι η φασματοσκοπία πλάσματος επαγόμενου από λέιζερ (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS), η οποία μερικές φορές ονομάζεται φασματοσκοπία πλάσματος επαγόμενου με λέιζερ (Laser Induced Plasma Spectroscopy, LIPS). Η τεχνική LIBS χρησιμοποιεί ένα παλμικό λέιζερ υψηλής ενέργειας για την παραγωγή πλάσματος σε ένα δείγμα. Τα φασματικά χαρακτηριστικά που παράγονται από διεγερμένα άτομα, ιόντα και μόρια, χρησιμοποιούνται για τη συλλογή ποσοτικών και ποιοτικών αναλυτικών πληροφοριών σχετικά με το δείγμα. Λόγω του γεγονότος ότι η οπτική εκπομπή από το πλάσμα περιλαμβάνει τις φασματικές υπογραφές όλων των στοιχείων που υπάρχουν στο υλικό του δείγματος, η στοιχειακή σύσταση του μπορεί να προσδιοριστεί γρήγορα παρατηρώντας τα φάσματα LIBS. Η τεχνική LIBS προσφέρει την αξιοσημείωτη ικανότητα να εκτελεί ανάλυση πολλών στοιχείων σε πραγματικό χρόνο, η οποία δεν είναι εφικτή με άλλες παραδοσιακές τεχνικές. Ωστόσο, λόγω της σχετικά χαμηλής ευαισθησίας της, η ανίχνευση ιχνοστοιχείων παραμένει δύσκολη, γεγονός που αποτελεί βασικό μειονέκτημα αυτής της προσέγγισης. Η πρώτη καταγραφή ενός πλάσματος που παράγεται με λέιζερ αναφέρθηκε σχεδόν αμέσως μετά την εφεύρεση των λέιζερ, ενώ τις τελευταίες τρεις δεκαετίες έχει προταθεί και υλοποιηθεί ένας σημαντικός αριθμός εφαρμογών που σχετίζονται με την τεχνική LIBS. Επιπλέον, βελτιώνονται οι στατιστικές προσεγγίσεις για την ανάλυση των φασμάτων LIBS, διατίθενται εμπορικά όργανα LIBS, ενώ θεωρητικά και υπολογιστικά μοντέλα που περιγράφουν τη δυναμική συμπεριφορά του πλάσματος και της ακτινοβολίας που εκπέμπει έχουν εξεταστεί διεξοδικά μέσω πειραμάτων. Την τελευταία δεκαετία, τα χημειομετρικά εργαλεία και τα εργαλεία μηχανικής μάθησης για την ανάλυση φασματοσκοπικών δεδομένων LIBS έχουν αναζωπυρώσει το επιστημονικό ενδιαφέρον για ποικίλες εφαρμογές, λόγω των τεράστιων συνόλων δεδομένων με χιλιάδες μεταβλητές που παρέχονται σε εξαιρετικά γρήγορους χρόνους λήψης, σε σύγκριση με άλλες φασματοσκοπικές τεχνικές. Μια αναδυόμενη και απαιτητική εφαρμογή είναι η ανάλυση τροφίμων, κυρίως ως μέθοδος διασφάλισης ποιότητας. Στην παρούσα διατριβή διερευνάται η εφαρμογή της τεχνικής LIBS, με τη βοήθεια της μηχανικής μάθησης, στην ανάλυση ελαιόλαδων. Η ταξινόμηση των διαφόρων ελαιόλαδων πραγματοποιείται είτε με βάση τη γεωγραφική τους προέλευση είτε με βάση την προέλευση της ποικιλίας τους. Δοκιμάζονται διάφοροι αλγόριθμοι μηχανικής μάθησης και η ανάλυση των δεδομένων LIBS παρέχει πληροφορίες σχετικά με τα φασματικά χαρακτηριστικά που είναι πιο σημαντικά για την επιτυχή ταξινόμηση. Επιπλέον, πραγματοποιείται άμεση σύγκριση της τεχνικής LIBS με τη φασματοσκοπία απορρόφησης και η επακόλουθη συγχώνευση των διαφορετικών φασματοσκοπικών δεδομένων για τη βελτίωση της ακρίβειας ταξινόμησης. Στο πνεύμα αυτό, η παρούσα εργασία καταδεικνύει τις βελτιωμένες δυνατότητες της τεχνικής LIBS για την ανάλυση τροφίμων, ως εργαλείο που προτείνεται για την αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας των προϊόντων ελαιόλαδου. Το κεφάλαιο 1 της παρούσας διατριβής παρέχει μια επισκόπηση της τρέχουσας βιβλιογραφίας όσον αφορά την εφαρμογή της τεχνικής LIBS για την ανάλυση τροφίμων, γενικά. Ιδιαίτερη έμφαση δίνεται σε διάφορα τρόφιμα ενδιαφέροντος, όπως το ελαιόλαδο, το μέλι και το γάλα. Συζητούνται και περιγράφονται λεπτομερώς οι αρχές της τεχνικής LIBS. Δίνεται μια περίληψη των μεθόδων μηχανικής μάθησης που χρησιμοποιούνται στις αναλύσεις LIBS, με έμφαση και στην επικύρωση των προγνωστικών μοντέλων. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζονται διεξοδικά συγκεκριμένες εφαρμογές της LIBS στην επιστήμη των τροφίμων. Στο Κεφάλαιο 2 τα φάσματα LIBS από συνολικά 139 δείγματα εξαιρετικά παρθένου και παρθένου ελαιόλαδου ταξινομούνται με βάση τη γεωγραφική προέλευση των δειγμάτων. Χρησιμοποιούνται διάφοροι αλγόριθμοι μηχανικής μάθησης και αξιολογούνται οι επιδόσεις τους στην ταξινόμηση. Επιπλέον, αξιολογήθηκε η σημασία των φασματικών χαρακτηριστικών στην ταξινόμηση και εντοπίστηκαν τα πιο σημαντικά. Στο Κεφάλαιο 3 παρουσιάζεται και πραγματοποιείται μια συγκριτική μελέτη μεταξύ της φασματοσκοπίας LIBS και της φασματοσκοπίας απορρόφησης UV-Vis, όσον αφορά την ταξινόμηση των ελαιόλαδων με βάση τη γεωγραφική τους προέλευση. Τόσο τα φάσματα LIBS όσο και τα φάσματα απορρόφησης υποβλήθηκαν αρχικά σε προεπεξεργασία μέσω της Ανάλυσης Κύριων Συνιστωσών και στη συνέχεια χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την κατασκευή προγνωστικών μοντέλων, χρησιμοποιώντας γραμμική διακριτική ανάλυση και μηχανές διανυσμάτων υποστήριξης. Στη συνέχεια, στο κεφάλαιο 4, γίνεται διάκριση των εξαιρετικά παρθένων ελαιόλαδων με βάση την προέλευση της ποικιλίας τους. Σε συνέχεια του Κεφαλαίου 3, τα φάσματα LIBS και απορρόφησης των δειγμάτων ταξινομούνται με τη χρήση των αλγορίθμων μηχανικής μάθησης και ο επακόλουθος συνδυασμός των δύο διαφορετικών τύπων φασματοσκοπικών δεδομένων, δηλαδή των φασμάτων εκπομπής και απορρόφησης, προτείνεται ως μια αποτελεσματική στρατηγική για την πρόβλεψη της προέλευσης της ποικιλίας του ελαιόκαρπου των διαφόρων δειγμάτων ελαιόλαδου
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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