1,721,039 research outputs found
LINEAMENTI DI ENTOMOLOGIA IN AGRICOLTURA BIOLOGICA
Full text linkIl libro di testo Lineamenti di Entomologia in Agricoltura Biologica vuole essere un sussidio, un filo conduttore, nell’introduzione allo studio dell’entomologia agraria, con un occhio di riguardo alle problematiche riscontrabili nelle produzioni in regime di agricoltura biologica. Il testo, infatti, presenta le caratteristiche per fornire un valido supporto didattico agli studenti iscritti ai corsi di studio delle lauree in Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Agroalimentari e Forestali, che affrontano insegnamenti di entomologia agraria. Non di meno, l’attenzione
posta ad approfondire aspetti relativi ai mezzi e ai metodi di controllo può renderlo uno strumento valido anche per gli studenti che completano la formazione entomologica nelle lauree magistrali in Scienze delle Produzioni e delle Tecnologie Agrarie. Il testo si compone di tre parti, ciascuna divisa in vari capitoli. Nella I parte, Entomologia Generale, il capitolo primo tratta gli aspetti introduttivi dell’entomologia, mettendo in evidenza l’importanza della biodiversità entomologica negli agroecosistemi, in quanto gli insetti sono il gruppo animale più idoneo a monitorare la sostenibilità ambientale delle pratiche agricole e a favorire il corretto funzionamento dei servizi ecosistemici da loro forniti. I capitoli che seguono offrono gli strumenti essenziali per comprendere come sono fatti e come "funzionano" gli insetti, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti di morfologia e fisiologia che sono il bersaglio di strategie di controllo. La II parte, Mezzi e Metodi di Controllo, si apre con il capitolo quarto in cui è evidenziato il ruolo degli insetti negli ecosistemi e sono richiamati i principi basilari dell’agroecologia e dell’agricoltura biologica. Segue il capitolo quinto in cui vengono passati in rassegna i principali agenti per il controllo biologico degli insetti fitofagi. Infine, il capitolo sesto affronta nel dettaglio gli aspetti della difesa fitosanitaria in regime di agricoltura biologica. La III e ultima parte, Applicazioni in Campo, rappresenta il momento della sintesi, che trova riscontro in tre agroecosistemi rappresentativi dell’area mediterranea: l’agrumeto, l’oliveto e il vigneto. Dapprima, nel capitolo settimo sono inquadrati i principali ordini di insetti fitofagi infeudati nei tre agroecosistemi, di cui sono riportate le informazioni essenziali di morfologia, biologia, danni e le possibili strategie di controllo in regime di agricoltura biologica. Seguono poi i capitoli ottavo, nono e decimo, in cui gli insetti fitofagi di ciascuno degli agroecosistemi trattati sono illustrati in successione, in funzione dei diversi regimi alimentari, antofagi e carpofagi, fillofagi, insetti fitomizi e, infine, xilofagi e rizofagi
Applied Chemical Ecology to Enhance Insect Parasitoid Efficacy in the Biological Control of Crop Pests
No full textThe field application of semiochemicals, used by parasitoids to find mates and to locate their hosts, is a promising environmentally sustainable and highly specific pest control strategy and an attractive alternative to the use of pesticides. In this chapter, we first examine research progress dealing with the effect of semiochemical cues on parasitoid foraging strategy. In the second part, we review the possible field applications of these chemical cues to enhance pest control strategies, either through direct pest control or by manipulating parasitoid behaviour. We then consider novel approaches, such as the “attract and reward” strategy, combining semiochemical application and habitat management to improve the success of pest management. Even if semiochemical-based tactics are promising in pest control, they still are developing and may face several constraints leading to different challenges. Therefore, in the last part of this chapter, we draw attention to the potential limitations and risks of semiochemical applications in the field. Then, we propose potential solutions to overcome these different constraints
Specificity of plant responses toward herbivore’s touch, feeding and oviposition: implication for egg parasitoids
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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