263 research outputs found
Arnd Pollmann: Menschenrechte und Menschenwürde
No full textRezension von Arnd Pollmann: Menschenrechte und Menschenwürde. Zur philosophischen Bedeutung eines revolutionären Projekts, Berlin: Suhrkamp 2022
Contextual cueing in naturalistic scenes in AMD
No full textThese data belong to the study: Pollmann S, Rosenblum L, Linnhoff S, Porracin E, Geringswald F, Herbik A, Renner K, Hoffmann MB. Preserved Contextual Cueing in Realistic Scenes in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(12):941. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci1012094
Contextual cueing in naturalistic scenes in AMD
No full textThese data belong to the study: Pollmann S, Rosenblum L, Linnhoff S, Porracin E, Geringswald F, Herbik A, Renner K, Hoffmann MB. Preserved Contextual Cueing in Realistic Scenes in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(12):941. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci1012094
Neural structures involved in visual search guidance by reward-enhanced contextual cueing of the target location
No full textSpatial contextual cueing reflects an incidental form of learning that occurs when spatial distractor configurations are repeated in visual search displays. Recently, it was reported that the efficiency of contextual cueing can be modulated by reward. We replicated this behavioral finding and investigated its neural basis with fMRI. Reward value was associated with repeated displays in a learning session. The effect of reward value on context-guided visual search was assessed in a subsequent fMRI session without reward. Structures known to support explicit reward valuation, such as ventral frontomedial cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, were modulated by incidental reward learning. Contextual cueing, leading to more efficient search, went along with decreased activation in the visual search network. Retrosplenial cortex played a special role in that it showed both a main effect of reward and a reward×configuration interaction and may thereby be a central structure for the reward modulation of context-guided visual search
Die Menschenrechte : unteilbar und gleichgewichtig?
No full textVorwort: Im vorliegenden Heft der Studien zu Grund- und Menschenrechten wird der Vortrag dokumentiert, den Prof. Dr. Georg Lohmann von der Ottovon- Guericke-Universität Magdeburg am 12. Mai 2004 im Rahmen der neu eingerichteten Reihe „Philosophie der Grund- und Menschenrechte“ an der Universität Potsdam gehalten hat. Die Veranstaltung bot Gelegenheit, die Frage zu erörtern, ob die unterschiedlichen Menschenrechte tatsächlich gleichgestellt sind oder doch eine Hierarchisierung von Menschenrechten stattfindet. Diese Diskussion soll in diesem Heft durch den Abdruck von drei Kommentaren zum Vortrag nachvollzogen werden. Inhalt: Die Menschenrechte: unteilbar und gleichgewichtig? (Georg Lohmann) Kommentare Sinn der Menschenrechte (Stefan Gosepath) Die Menschenrechte: teilbar und ungleichgewichtig! (Arnd Pollmann) Zur Unteilbarkeit der Menschenrechte – Anmerkungen aus juristischer, insbesondere völkerrechtlicher Sicht (Claudia Mahler/Norman Weiß
Working memory and active sampling of the environment: Medial temporal contributions
No full textPollmann S, Schneider WX. Working memory and active sampling of the environment: Medial temporal contributions. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2022;187:339-359.Working memory (WM) refers to the ability to maintain and actively process information-either derived from perception or long-term memory (LTM)-for intelligent thought and action. This chapter focuses on the contributions of the temporal lobe, particularly medial temporal lobe (MTL) to WM. First, neuropsychological evidence for the involvement of MTL in WM maintenance is reviewed, arguing for a crucial role in the case of retaining complex relational bindings between memorized features. Next, MTL contributions at the level of neural mechanisms are covered-with a focus on WM encoding and maintenance, including interactions with ventral temporal cortex. Among WM use processes, we focus on active sampling of environmental information, a key input source to capacity-limited WM. MTL contributions to the bidirectional relationship between active sampling and memory are highlighted-WM control of active sampling and sampling as a way of selecting input to WM. Memory-based sampling studies relying on scene and object inspection, visual-based exploration behavior (e.g., vicarious behavior), and memory-guided visual search are reviewed. The conclusion is that MTL serves an important function in the selection of information from perception and transfer from LTM to capacity-limited WM. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
How to Flatter the Laity? Rethinking Catholic Responses to the Reformation (discussiedossier over Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands, 1520-1635)
No full textThis rejoinder summarises the two main questions which Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands, 1520-1635 seeks to address, and explains the way in which the author approached these before engaging with the points raised by the three reviewers. Noting the reviewers’ appreciation for the book’s emphasis on the experience of the laity and their role in the Catholic revival, the rejoinder discusses the points of criticism they raised, as well as the potential for further research.
Encouraging the reader not to be deceived by the smokescreen of uniformity and hierarchy which the post-Tridentine Catholic Church has drawn up, the author suggests that we can account much more satisfactorily for the curious changes in fortune of the Catholic Church by looking beyond institutional sources, by appreciating the virtues of fragmentation and by broadening our scope to the whole of the religious landscape.
This response is part of the discussion forum 'Catholic Identity and the Revolt of the Netherlands 1520-1635' (Judith Pollmann)
A practical guide to functional magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous eye tracking for cognitive neuroimaging research.
No full textThe simultaneous acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with in-scanner eye tracking promises to combine the advantages of full-brain coverage of brain activity measurements with a fast and unobtrusive capture of eye movement behavior and attentional deployment. Despite its applicability to a wide variety of research questions, ranging from investigations of gaze control and attention guidance to the use of eye movement events as a response modality for gaze-contingent fMRI experiments, only few studies employ this kind of data acquisition. In this chapter we identify technical challenges, describe all necessary components and procedures for conducting such a study, and give practical advice on how these can be integrated in a common MRI laboratory setup. The chapter concludes with notes on the analysis of such datasets and summarizes key data properties and their implications of a joint analysis of fMRI and eye tracking data.</p
Multivariate methods to track the spatiotemporal profile of feature-based attentional selection using EEG
No full textThis chapter provides a tutorial style guide to analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) data contingent on feature-based attentional selection. It is targeted at researchers that currently investigate attentional processes using univariate methods but consider moving to multivariate analyses. The chapter starts by providing examples of classical univariate analysis, in which the EEG signal occurring ipsilateral to the target is subtracted from the signal that occurs in a contralateral electrode (i.e., the classical N2pc, an interhemispheric posterior negativity emerging around 180–200 ms). Next, it shows how the same type of information can also be identified using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). MVPA does not restrict one to contrast attentional selection in opposite hemifields but also allows one to assess attentional selection on the vertical meridian, or even within a quadrant of the visual field, opening up new avenues for research. The chapter demonstrates how to visualize topographic maps of attentional selection when using MVPA and shows how to assess timing onsets using the percent-amplitude latency method. Finally, it shows how a forward encoding model enables one to characterize the relationship between a continuous experimental variable (such as attended targets positioned on a circle) and EEG activity. This allows one to construct brain patterns for positions in the visual field that were never attended in the data that was used to create the forward model. This chapter is intended as a practical guide, explaining the methods and providing the scripts that can be used to generate the figures in-line, thus providing a step-by-step cookbook for analyzing neural time series data in the field of feature-based attentional selection.</p
Looking back: Flexible but unbreakable
No full textBiographer Tessel Pollmann rescues from oblivion the engineer who for six decades was one of the most influential people in the Netherlands.Delft University of Technolog
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