1,721,032 research outputs found
Composizione corporea e forza nel fitness: analisi dei risultati ottenuti in 3 anni di allenamento muscolare, regole alimentari e integrazione
Full text linkIl presente studio riguarda i risultati ottenuti da 14 persone di sesso maschile età 29,4 ± 7,9anni, altezza 177,9 ± 7,3cm, peso corporeo 71,1 ± 5,8kg, massa grassa 19,27 ± 2,99%, che per 3 anni hanno frequentato una palestra di fitness, allenandosi al fine di verificare e quantificare il variare della propria composizione corporea e l'incremento della forza muscolare massimale (Fmax).
L'impegno nei 3 anni è stato così organizzato: 1° anno, allenamento tradizionale di tipo neuro-muscolare; 2° anno allenamento + introduzione di regole alimentari; 3° anno, allenamento + regole alimentari + integrazione a base di creatina e aminoacidi ramificati.
Il calcolo della percentuale di massa grassa (Fat Mass, FM) è stato effettuato tramite plicometria utilizzando l'equazione di Jackson e Pollock a 3 pliche; considerato il modello bicompartimentale, la misurazione della massa magra (Fat Free Mass FFM, FFT) si è ottenuta per differenza.
I valori della forza massimale (Fmax) sono stati ricavati con metodo diretto misurando 1RM (1 ripetizione massimale) di 4 esercizi.
La valutazione statistica dei risultati ottenuti è stata effettuata mediante calcolo della Media e DS di ogni parametro. L'indice di significatività è stato ricavato tramite il test della “t” di Student per dati appaiati: la significatività è stata posta a priori al 5% (p<0,05).
La variazione della FFT ha fatto registrare un incremento del 8,1% che è risultato statisticamente significativo con P<0,05 (P= 0,01).
Il valore assoluto della FM non ha subito variazioni e non ha mostrato variazioni statisticamente significative con P>0,05 (P= 0,9); la riduzione della percentuale della FM (da 19,27 ± 2,99% a 18,00 ± 3,00%) si è verificata tuttavia grazie all'incremento della FFT e quindi del peso corporeo totale.
L'allenamento della Fmax in valore assoluto ha evidenziato una variazione media con un incremento del 22,5% ed un indice statistico altamente significativo con P <0,001 (P= 0,00001).
Il valore della Fmax relativa al peso corporeo ha mostrato una variazione (da 1,09 ± 0.08 a 1,25 ± 0,11) statisticamente significativa (P= 0,00008): la stessa significatività è stata dimostrata nel rapporto con ogni singola prova con P<0,001.
Il valore della Fmax relativa alla FFM è risultata statisticamente significativa (P= 0,0008). Per quanto riguarda il rapporto di ogni singola prova con la FFM, sono state sempre evidenziate variazioni statisticamente significative.
L’analisi della matrice di correlazione di Bravais - Pearson ci permette di notare che la matrice di correlazione dei 4 indici di forza presentano valori molto prossimi ad 1 con P <0,001.
CONCLUSIONI Un allenamento muscolare organizzato e continuato per 3 anni ha mostrato sollecitare in modo importante l'incremento della forza muscolare massimale in soggetti con un livello medio di fitness. La coordinazione intermuscolare avrebbe contribuito in modo preponderante a tale variazione.
La massa magra ha evidenziato una variazione significativa rispetto a quella grassa che non ha presentato cambiamenti. L'inserimento delle regole alimentari nel 2°-3° anno e della integrazione nel 3°, coinciderebbe con un il miglioramento dei dati riferiti alla forza e alla FFM andando presumibilmente a sommarsi agli effetti dipendenti dal processo biologico messo in atto dall'allenamento.
I recuperi prolungati e ben organizzati avrebbero comunque avuto un ruolo predominante rispetto agli incrementi di Fmax e FFT.
Parole chiave: allenamento neuromuscolare, composizione corporea, forza massimale, regole alimentari , recupero, integrazione.This study refers to the results obtained by 14 people (male, age 29.4 ± 7,9, height 177.9± 7,3, Body Weight 71.5 ± 75.8 Kg.Fat Mass 19.27 ± 2.99%) who were attending a Fitness Gym for three years and training in order to verify and quantify the variation of their own body composition and maximal muscle strength (Smax).
This three years commitment has been organized as follows: 1st year, traditional neuro-muscular training; 2nd year, training and introduction to a nutritional education programme; 3rd year, training, nutritional education programme, creatine and ramified amino acids supplementation.
The Fat Mass (FM) percentage has been computed by the means of Plicometry, through the Jackson and Pollock’s three folds equation; taking into account the bi-compartmental model, the Fat Free Mass (FFM) has been calculated by difference.
The Maximal Strength (Smax) values have been estimated through the direct method, measuring 1 MR (1 Maximal Repetition) in 4 exercises.
The statistical assessment of the obtained results has been performed through the computation of the Mean and the Standard Deviation (SD) of each investigated parameter. Significativity indexes have been calculated through the T-Student Test for Paired Samples; the Significativity level has been a priori set at 5% (p<0,05).
FFM variation showed a 8.1% increase, that is statistically significant with P<0,05 (P= 0,01).
FM value did not vary significantly P>0,05 (P= 0,9); however the percentage of the FM reduction (from 19,27 ± 2,99% to 18,00 ± 3,00%) occurred because of the increase of FFM, therefore of the whole body weight.
Smax training showed a variation with an average increase of 22.5% and a highly significant statistical index P <0,001 (P= 0,00001).
The Smax related to the Body Weight (BW) showed a highly significant (P= 0,00008) variation (from 1,09 ± 0.08 to 1,25 ± 0,11); the same level of significativity occurred in the ratio with each single trial (P<0,001).
The Smax value referred to the FFM was statistically significant (P= 0,0008). Referring to the ratio of every single trial with the FFM, statistically significant variations have been observed.
The analysis of the Bravais - Pearson correlation matrix allows to note that the correlation matrix of the 4 strength indexes showed values very close to 1 with P <0,001.
Conclusions. An organized and continuous muscle training over three years showed a major influence in increasing the maximal muscle strength in medium fitness level subjects. The intermuscular coordination should have been playing a major role about this variation.
The Free Fat Mass (FFM) showed a significant variation compared to the Fat one, that did not vary. The introduction to a nutritional educative programme, during the 2nd and 3rd year and the supplementation during the 3rd year, might coincides with the observed improvements of Strength and FFM, probably adding to the effects of the biological process activated by the training.
Prolonged and well structured periods of resting should have been playing a predominant role referring to the Smax and FFM increases.
Key words: neuromuscular training, body composition, maximal strength, nutritional rules, recovery time, supplementatio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
L'importanza dell'attività fisica nella prevenzione delle cadute negli anziani: metodi tradizionali e proposte complementari.
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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