1,721,041 research outputs found
Special Issue: Measurement, Simulation, and Design of Sound in Urban Spaces
Full text linkSound quality in urban spaces is not only a matter of limit values for noise levels but
is also key to human physical and psychological well-being, which makes it a challenge for the latest data analysis techniques [1–3]. This Special Issue gathers publications on projects and achievements that, from a theoretical and practical point of view [4,5], make innovative proposals on the measurement, simulation and design of sound in urban spaces. The interest covered refers to the contemporary field of environmental sound and soundscape research [6–9], but it also regards proposals for the monitoring and designing of outdoor public spaces [10]. The urban environment needs to be analysed using quantitative and qualitative parameters. The proposed papers highlight their holistic approaches (physical sciences, machine learning, engineering sciences, building sciences, human, and
social sciences). Moreover, the Special Issue aims to gather articles in different cultural and geographical contexts, be it at the scale of a building, a district, a city and/or a megalopolis. It is hoped that this could inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence and multidisciplinary cooperation. The Special Issue was an exciting journey for us, in which we had the opportunity to communicate with many people in the field from all over the world. Authors from Italy, Canada, and Spain—including ten universities and two acoustic firms and corporations—participated in this Special Issue. Among the numerous submissions, five successfully passed the review process
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Inverse Analysis
No full textTechniques and applications of inverse and identification problems are presented in this chapter. A general-purpose formulation
of the inverse problem, based on system identification techniques and least-squares fitting of parameterized models to experimental
data, is presented in detail, since this is the most general approach available today. Nevertheless, one must underline here
that no general method is available for the solution of all problems of practical interest. The reasons for this, as it will be discussed
in more detail later in several parts of this text, is that inverse problems lead to difficult optimization problems (ill-posed) whose
solution is not always straightforward with current numerical optimization techniques. Therefore, one should consider semiempirical
methods and experimental testing techniques as well. All these methods are, usually, of restricted applicability and are
related to one specific application. The compensation for this is that a large amount of experience is incorporated in these
methods, so that their results are, within the limits of their applicability, superior to the ones provided by the general-purpose,
optimization-based method. To be fair one should add here that empirical methods are restricted to the identification of a
significant change in the system's response and, in some cases, try to estimate the extent of the existing damage. Alternatively, the
general error minimization technique is, in principle, able both to detect the existence of a defect and estimate its nature and
extent.Here the error-minimization-based approach to inverse analysis is called model calibration technique, while all other methods
are collectively characterized as diagnostic identification. The second section of this chapter is devoted to a brief description of
both methods together with their areas of applicability.
The solution of inverse problems is based on classical optimization techniques and more recent data processing techniques like
the ones studied in the area of soft computing. Therefore, the third section is devoted to a brief presentation of the relevant
techniques.
Various applications from material and structural identification are presented in more detail in the last section of this chapter
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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