1,720,971 research outputs found
International Aquatic History Symposium and Film Festival
No full textAbstract that have been reported in the literature on the history of resuscitation. In particular, this review presents remarkable resuscitation attempts, innovative techniques and landmarked events that enhanced resuscitation in terms of science, history and intervention from ancient times until today. The resuscitation methods were designed for victims needing help in various locations of three-dimensional space, with emphasis on those occurring on, or brought to, land. These methods required single or double rescues to be carried out. Some of them were either empirically or scientifically designed. In some techniques, the stimuli used to revive the victim were rather painful and dangerous or at least disturbing. In some techniques, respiration was attempted with various more or less sophisticated devices. Finally, a small number of cases have been mistakenly reported by previous scholars as resuscitation attempts. Keywords: drowning, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, emergency, history, art, medical history, first aid. Scholarly work about resuscitation is extensive on most aspects, but limited in historical references. More precisely, a related search in the data base, Medline, using as key words -several thousand published works that deal exclusively with this subject in terms of prevention, rescue and treatment. However, limited scholarly attention has been given to the historical route followed since the first reported resuscitation attempt. A similar search identified only a few publications that dealt with how resuscitation has evolved through the centuries. Consideration of this lack of published evidence on the history of resuscitation raises several questions. Was the resuscitation of an apparently dead person always the same? Were resuscitation methods always scientifically established? How was resuscitation performed through the centuries? Was any equipment used during resuscitation attempts? Are there any facts and myths associated with the evolution of resuscitation internationally? Answering these questions may be meaningful for a number of reasons. First of all, we will be able to overview the evolution of resuscitation and, therefore, know how techniques were developed through the centuries. Second, we will be able to identify whether any progress has been made in the thinking on medical and emergency response. Third, we will discover whether the development of resuscitation methods that aimed to save lives was an issue that has concerned scientists (e.g., doctors and researchers) and emergency professionals (e.g., lifeguards, rescuers etc) locally or internationally. Finally, such an overview will be interesting from a historical point of view, as we will be able to synthesize into a single study, and therefore witness the evolution of the most important aspects in first aid and emergency care. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review the literature identifying various resuscitation methods that have been suggested and used from the past to the present, as well as to evaluate their content
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hollywood Stars’ Involvement in Aquatics and Water Safety
Get PDFThe aim of this educational review article was to identify cases of Hollywood stars who have been involved in aquatics. A literature search was conducted using the terms ‘drowning’, ‘Hollywood’, ‘actor’, rescue’, ‘aquatics’, ‘swimming’ and ‘lifeguard’. It was found that several Hollywood film stars (n = 33; males = 20, females = 13) have worked as lifeguards (n = 12), performed lifeguard rescues (n = 2), or lifesaving rescues (n = 4), were aquatics athletes (n = 6), or suffered drown-related incidents (n = 9). A brief overview of those actors and their involvement in aquatics is presented
World Art on Swimming
Get PDFThis article aims to identify swimming-related artwork from Paleolithic times up to the present day and to assess whether possible use of art could act as aid to teaching. An art search obtained 49 paintings and sculptures. Results confirmed that artists have bestowed a wealth of related artwork on the world of aquatics. Depictions of people swimming competitively or recreationally, diving, bathing, working and fighting were found in Egypt, Greece, Persia, Italy, Spain, the USA, Japan and China. Depending on the particular society, the ability to swim indicated either a high or low socio-economic status. In some depictions, knowledge of swimming was accompanied by the ability to dive from high cliffs or into deep water, to hold one’s breath underwater, and to show physical endurance. A variety of swimming strokes were depicted throughout history in art. Various types of swimwear, or nude swimming, were evident in different societies
- …
