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Scalar Implicatures
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Scalar Implicatures
No full textThis eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contac
Development of grammatical and cognitive abilities of multilingual children compared to monolingual ones.
Get PDFMagistrsko delo se osredotoča na primerjavo med enojezičnimi in dvojezičnimi otroki, ne da bi se ozirali na njihovo jezikovno zmožnost in delovni spomin. Predstavljam rezultate eksperimentalne študije, ki obsega dve vrsti testov. Glavni cilj raziskave je odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali obstaja povezava med jezikovnim razvojem in delovnim spominom ter ovrednotiti vlogo dvojezičnosti v tem kontekstu. Zanima me, ali obstaja razlika v slovničnih in kognitivnih sposobnostih med enojezičnimi govorci slovenskega in zgodnje slovensko-italijanskega dvojezičnega jezika. V eksperimentu so sodelovali otroci, stari 10, 12 in 14 let. V tem delu sem sledil modelu preučevanja dvojezičnega razvoja otrok, uporabljenega v štirih študijah: Bialystok in drugi (2010), ki primerjajo besedišče večjezičnih govorcev z enojezičnimiStateva in drugi (2021), ki preiskujejo vpliv dvojezičnosti na pragmatične sposobnostiAntonio in Katzos (2017), ki raziskujeta potencialni vpliv večjezičnosti na razumevanje posledic ter Stepanov in drugi (2020), ki proučujejo vpliv dvojezičnosti na delovni spomin. Rezultati dela kljub nekaterim dvomom kažejo številne prednosti večjezičnosti.The master\u27s thesis focuses on the comparison between monolingually and bilingually grown children with respect to their language proficiency and working memory. I present the results of an experimental study which comprises two types of tests. The main goal of the research is to answer the question of whether there is a correlation between language development and
working memory and evaluate the role of bilingualism in that context. I am interested in whether there is a difference in terms of grammatical and cognitive abilities between monolingual
speakers of Slovene and early Slovenian-Italian bilinguals. Monolingual and bilingual children aged 10, 12 and 14 participated in the experiment. In this work, I followed the methodology of studying child bilingual development used in four studies: Bialystok et al. (2010) comparing the vocabulary of multilingual speakers with monolinguals, Stateva et al. (2021) investigating the impact of bilingualism on pragmatic abilities, Antonio and Katzos (2017) which explores the potential impact of multilingualism on understanding implications and Stepanov et al (2020) which studies the effect of bilingualism on working memory. The results of the master\u27s thesis indicate the numerous advantages of multilingualism, despite some doubts
Wh-movement out of wh-phrases and subject phrases in Slovenian language: An experimental study on syntax islands
Get PDFTema diplomske naloge so skladenjski otoki vprašalnih in osebkovih stavčnih zvez v slovenščini, izvedena je bila eksperimentalna študija. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil razjasniti empirično paradigmo skladenjskih otokov vprašalnih in osebkovih stavčnih zvez v slovenskem jeziku z uporabo modela iz eksperimentalne skladnje, t. i. faktorske opredelitve učinka skladenjskih otokov Sprousa in drugih (2012 in 2015). Za raziskavo je bila uporabljena novejša metodologija, t. i. metoda ocene magnitude (Magnitude Estimation), s katero smo preprečili preskriptivne bralce. Analiza pridobljenih rezultatov je pokazala zanimiv vpogled v stanje slovenščine glede na obstoječe teorije skladenjskih otokov, kot so načelo stičnosti, načelo neizraženih prvin in prepoved premeščanja iz nedopolnil. Raziskava odpira tudi nova vprašanja na področju skladenjskih otokov.The main aim of the research was to clarify the empirical paradigm of wh-islands and subject islands in Slovene, using model techniques in experimental syntax, the so called factorial definition of island effect of Sprouse et al (2012 and 2015). An experimental study was performed. A new method, called magnitude estimation, was used for this research. This helped prevent prescriptive readers. The analysis showed an interesting insight into the status of Slovene in terms of existing theories of syntax islands such as The Subjacency Principle, The Empty Category Principle and Condition on Extraction Domain. This research also raises some new questions in the field of syntactic islands
Empirična Opažanja o Interpretaciji Makedonskih Členov
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the use and the interpretation of three alleged definite articles in Macedonian from a formal perspective. It is concerned with the following questions: (i) does Macedonian indeed have a definite article? (ii) are all three articles in Macedonian definite articles or demonstratives? (iii) what are the formal features that distinguish among these items and how are they licensed in different semantic contexts? The thesis provides evidence that Macedonian has only one definite article – the t-root one – as it presupposes uniqueness and does not have a deictic feature. The other two items – the v- and n-root articles – are at the intersection of a definite article and a demonstrative: they have a deictic feature but do not presuppose uniqueness or non-uniqueness. In addition, it is demonstrated that Macedonian has a set of three demonstratives that have a deictic feature and presuppose non-uniqueness.Magistrsko delo se osredotoča na raziskavo rabe in interpretacije treh domnevnih določnih členov v makedonščini z vidika formalne slovnice. Zastavlja si naslednja raziskovalna vprašanja: (i) Ali makedonščina res ima določni člen? (ii) So vsi trije členi v makedonščini določni ali so kazalna obrazila? (iii) Katere so formalne lastnosti, ki te elemente razlikujejo med seboj, in kako so formalno uveljavljene v različnih semantičnih kontekstih? Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da ima makedonščina samo en določni člen – t-korenski –, saj predpostavlja edinstvenost in nima deiktične lastnosti. Druga dva elementa – v- in n-korenski člen – sta na presečišču med določnim členom in kazalnim obrazilom: imata deiktično lastnost, vendar ne predpostavljata enistvenosti ali needinstvenosti. Poleg tega pokažemo, da ima makedonščina nabor treh kazalnih obrazil, ki imajo deiktično lastnost in predpostavljajo needinstvenost
Acqusition of Maximize Presupposition in the context of Slovenian verbs misliti (\u27think\u27) and vedeti (\u27know\u27)
Get PDFMagistrsko delo se osredotoča na pragmatično načelo maksimiziranja predpostavke (Maximize Presupposition). Uporabljeni so bili rezultati eksperimentalne študije, ki je vključevala slovenska glagola misliti in vedeti. Glavni cilj raziskave je bil preveriti, pri kateri starosti je možno pri otrocih zaslediti poznavanje načela maksimiziranja predpostavke, njihovo zmožnost izračuna sklepov, ki jih načelo sproži, in izbire optimalne alternative. V eksperimentu sta sodelovali skupini otrok v starosti 5 in 7 let. Uporabljena metodologija in gradivo sta temeljila na referenčni študiji Stateve in drugih (2017), ki je proučevala vlogo dvojezičnosti na usvajanje načela. Rezultati magistrskega dela napeljujejo na obstoj razvojne osi usvajanja načela pred sedmim letom ter odpirajo vprašanja glede usvajanja faktivnega glagola vedeti pri petih letih.This thesis is dedicated to the acquisition of the pragmatic principle Maximize Presupposition. It uses data from an experimental study involving the pair of the Slovenian verbs misliti (\u27think\u27) and vedeti (\u27know\u27). The main research goal was to probe for the age from which it is possible to detect children\u27s knowledge of Maximize Presupposition, their ability to calculate the inferences triggered by it, and to choose the optimal alternative. Two groups of 5 and 7-year old children participated in the experiment. The methodology and materials used were based on the referential study Stateva et al (2017) which examined the role of bilingualism in the acquisition of the principle. The current experiment suggests the existence of a developmental trajectory in the acquisition of Maximize Presupposition before the age of seven and opens a discussion about the acquisition of the factive verb know at the age of five
Le and samo as Presuppositional Triggers: Experimental Study in Slovene Language
Get PDFV svojem diplomskem delu se ukvarjam s posebno vrsto pomenskih predpostavk in njihovimi sprožilci. Uvod se osredotoča na pragmatične in semantične značilnosti predpostavk. Pregledane so teoretične in eksperimentalne raziskave o pomenskih predpostavkah in njihovem sprožilcu only (samo/le) ter med nekaterimi njenimi tujimi ustreznicami. V svojem delu predstavim rezultate eksperimentalne študije, posvečene slovenskima ustreznicama angleške besede only, le in samo. Preučujem, kako materni govorci slovenščine sodijo o obeh sprožilcih pomenske predpostavke s pragmatičnega vidika. Študija odgovarja na vprašanje, ali sta besedi sinonimni, katera beseda je rabljena pogosteje ter kako sta uporabljeni v določenih slovenskih dialektih. Bolj nazorno, študija predlaga, da slovenski ustreznici besede only v prevodu pripadata skupini trdih sprožilcev, ki jih določi Abusch (2009), ti pa so opredeljeni kot sprožilci v pomenskih predpostavkah, ki ne morejo biti preklicane.In my thesis I discuss a particular kind of presuppositions and their triggers. The introduction focuses on the pragmatic and semantic characteristics of presuppositions. I review the theoretical and experimental research of the presuppositional trigger only and some of its cross-linguistic counterparts. In this work, I present the results from an experimental study dedicated to the Slovenian counterparts of the English word only, le and samo. I investigate how native Slovenian speakers evaluate both presupposition triggers from a pragmatic point of view. The study answers the question of whether these words are synonyms, which of them is more frequently used and how they are used in various dialects in Slovenia. Most importantly, the study suggests that the Slovenian translational equivalents of only belong to the class of hard triggers identified in Abusch (2009) as those sources of presuppositions that cannot be cancelled
TEORETIČNI IN EKSPERIMENTALNI VIDIKI ŠTEVILČNOSTI IN KVANTIFIKACIJE V LIBANONSKI ARABŠČINI
Get PDFA question that is receiving an increasing attention in linguistics research concerns the language components of counting. This topic is approached from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic points of view. While some accounts advocate for purely syntactic or semantic approaches of countability, other adopt hybrid accounts in which labor is divided between syntax and semantics. At the same time, research finds that there is a pragmatic component enriching the interpretation of countability and numerosity in language. This dissertation attempts to contribute into the lines of research concerned in the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of countability with a focus on Lebanese Arabic (Henceforth LA), a language that has received little attention in the literature of counting.
In this dissertation, a broken agreement pattern in LA between the cardinal numerals and the post-numeral counted noun phrases is examined on the basis of a syntactic-semantic model of countability developed by Stepanov and Stateva (2018). We argue that the current existing model can be used to account for the countability broken agreement pattern in LA when necessary modifications are applied to it. The
success of this model in accounting for the numeral-noun-phrase agreement in LA is added to its success in similar missions in countability in Russian (Stepanov and Stateva 2018) and previously in Japanese (Watanabe 2010).
The pragmatic component of countability in LA is also examined from the angle of pragmatic strengthening. The traditional difference between singular nominals and plural nominals which makes a distinction between domains of atoms
and domains of sums is seriously challenged by current semantic and pragmatic research. The plural is found to be more complex than a simplistic view of more than one, and its interpretation has a pragmatic component which involves enriching the meaning of plurality against singularity. In our dissertation, we intend to examine an enriching pragmatic process of plural against duality in LA, a language that still preserves special morphological marking for duality. So, our research investigates the pragmatic strengthening of the plural morphology in LA against the dual morphology which results in at-least-three meaning of the plural.
On the assumption that pragmatic reasoning contributes to the interpretation of plural nominals, we extend our research to the area of bilingual LA speakers who can be an ideal environment to look into the cognitive processes involved in the interaction between two linguistic systems that have diverging features pertaining to a given linguistic phenomenon, which is countability in our study. We predict crosslinguistic variation in the interpretation of plural morphology. If languages like English associate plural with an at-least-two meaning as a result of pragmatic enrichment with an anti-singularity inference, then, in languages that
morphologically differentiate among singular, plural and dual number, the morphological plural is predicted to correspond to an at-least-three meaning. In this study, we ask whether the predicted variation in the interpretation of plural
morphology among the non-dual and dual-featuring languages is a locus of negative pragmatic transfer of features from LA as a mother tongue and English/ French as foreign languages.V skladenjskih, semantičnih in pragmatičnih jezikoslovnih raziskavah vse več pozornosti pridobiva vprašanje, kako se v jeziku odslikavajo prvine štetja. Nekateri pristopi so strogo skladenjski ali strogo semantični, medtem ko so drugi mešani in vsebujejo tako skladenjske kot semantične prijeme. Raziskave pa so pokazale, da interpretacijo števnosti in številčnosti v danem jeziku bogatijo tudi pragmatične
prvine. Ta disertacija prispeva k raziskavam, osnovanih na skladenjskem, semantičnem in pragmatičnem vidiku števnosti, in sicer na primeru libanonske arabščine, ki je bila do sedaj na tem področju le malo raziskana.
Disertacija temelji na skladenjsko-semantičnem modelu števnosti, ki sta ga razvila Stepanov in Stateva (2018) in ga uspešno uporabila na števnosti v ruščini, pred tem pa je bil soroden model uporabljen tudi na števnosti v japonščini (Watanabe 2010). Za potrebe libanonske arabščine je bil model v tej disertaciji ustrezno dopolnjen in uporabljen za razlago kompleksne paradigme oblikoslovnega ujemanja med glavnim števnikom in števno samostalniško zvezo, ki stoji za njim.
Pragmatični vidik števnosti v libanonski arabščini je obravnavan tudi iz vidika pojma pragmatične ojačitve. Nove semantične in pragmatične raziskave namreč postavljajo pod vprašaj klasično razlikovanje med samostalniki v ednini in
samostalniki v množini, ki temelji na razliki med interpretacijama samostalniške zveze kot \u27atomske enote\u27 oziroma kot \u27vsote atomskih enot\u27. Zdi se, da je
interpretacija množine bolj zapletena, kot predvideva preprosta razlaga njenega pomena z \u27več kot ena entiteta\u27vsebuje namreč pragmatično prvino, ki ojača pomen množine v odnosu do ednine. V disertaciji je obravnavan pragmatični proces, ki ojača množino v odnosu do dvojine v libanonski arabščini, ki je jezik z ohranjenim dvojinskim oblikoslovjem. Raziskali smo torej pragmatično ojačitev množinskih
samostalniških oblik v odnosu do dvojinskih samostalniških oblik, ki povzroči spremembo interpretacije množine iz \u27vsaj dve entiteti\u27 v \u27vsaj tri entitete\u27 v libanonski arabščini.
Privzemamo, da pragmatično sklepanje prispeva k interpretaciji samostalnikov v množini, zato v zadnjem delu disertacije raziskovanje razširimo na dvojezične govorce libanonske arabščine. Pri njih namreč prihaja do kognitivnih
procesov, ki so posledica součinkovanja dveh jezikovnih sistemov z različno realizacijo oznak števnosti, ki jih obravnava ta disertacija. Predvidevamo, da bodo pri interpretaciji množinskih samostalniških oblik možne medjezikovne razlike. Če v jeziku brez dvojine, kot je na primer angleščina, pomen \u27vsaj dve entitetí\u27 nastane
zaradi pragmatične ojačitve na podlagi odnosa do ednine, potem bo v jezikih z dvojino nujno nastala interpretacija množine v smislu \u27vsaj tri entitete\u27. S študijo pa smo preverili, ali napovedane medjezikovne razlike med jeziki z dvojino in brez nje v interpretaciji množinskih samostalniških oblik lahko postanejo predmet negativnega pragmatičnega prenosa oznak iz libanonske arabščine kot prvega jezika v angleščino oziroma francoščino kot drugi jezik
Linguistic transfer in the pragmatic domain
No full textn this talk I will present work in progress that aims to explore a previously uncharted area of multilingual language acquisition, which concerns negative linguistic transfer in the domain of pragmatics. The research is part of a larger program in experimental pragmatics which aims to identify points of cross-linguistic diversion that affect meaning. We investigate the impact of language variation on bilingual acquisition of grammatical number in pairs of languages like Lebanese Arabic and French, and Slovenian-Italian, in which the interpretation of plural morphology within each pair is different depending on whether the number paradigm also includes dual number or not
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