1,721,203 research outputs found
Paediatric Patient with Multiple Sclerosis and High Disease Activity
No full textWe describe a boy with first symptoms of childhood multiple sclerosis (MS) at the age of 11 years. The diagnosis MS was established after the second attack and a disease-modifying therapy was started with glatiramer acetate (Copaxone (R)). Due to high frequency of relapses and a progressing lesion load in cerebral MRI a conversion to interferon beta-1b (Betaferon (R)) was initiated and well tolerated. After a short stable period of disease further progression of MS has now occurred
Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen bei multipler Sklerose im Kindes- und Jugendalter
No full textDie Diagnose einer multiplen Sklerose (MS) wird im Kindes- und Jugendalter anhand der McDonald-Kriterien gestellt. In diese gehen die klinische Präsentation mit schubhaften neurologischen Ausfällen, Anzahl und Verteilung entzündlich-demyelinisierender Läsionen im Zentralnervensystem (ZNS), die mithilfe der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) dargestellt werden, sowie Liquorparameter ein. Zur Behandlung eines akuten Schubs hat sich hochdosiertes Methylprednisolon etabliert. Mit einer früh beginnenden verlaufsmodifizierenden Therapie kann die Prognose der MS verbessert werden. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit milder/moderater MS-Verlaufsform wird eine Therapie mit Interferon-β oder Glatirameracetat, für (hoch-)aktive Verlaufsformen eine Therapie mit Fingolimod oder Natalizumab empfohlen. Durch die in den letzten 10 Jahren rasante Entwicklung neuer hochwirksamer monoklonaler Antikörper und oraler Medikamente für adulte MS-Patienten haben sich die Therapieoptionen auch für die MS im Kindes- und Jugendalter deutlich erweitert. Die Therapieentscheidung sollte auf dem klinischen und radiologischen Phänotyp basieren. Für das Therapieansprechen und -Monitoring sind regelmäßige klinische und MRT-Verlaufskontrollen sowie die Kenntnis der Nebenwirkungen von entscheidender Bedeutung
Pediatric multiple sclerosis (encephalomyelitis disseminata)
No full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system of unknown etiology normally affecting young adults. Approximately 3-5% of MS patients have onset before the age of 16 (pediatric MS). Neurological deficiencies can occur in multifocal localisations. McDonald's criteria include the dissemination in space and time of the disease activity. Symptoms include, for example, visual dysfunction and sensory or motor impairments. The most frequent clinical manifestation in the pediatric group is a relapsing-remitting disease course, with a milder course of disease and a lower rate of progression when compared to adult MS. Typical diagnostic findings are periventricular lesions of the white matter, oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid and delayed evoked potentials. Relapses are treated with high-dose methylprednisolone. Prophylactic, immunomodulative therapies as suggested for adult MS patients are also used for children
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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