1,721,049 research outputs found
Sex, social reproduction, and mobile telephony as responses to precarity in urban Tanzania
No full textThe gendered effects of neoliberal economic restructuring around the world are usually studied in their most dramatic forms: cross-border migration, exploitation, resistance, and violence. This chapter examines significant transformations arising from economic restructuring in the nexus between gender, labour, and urban space — transformations in which mobile technologies are deeply implicated. It explores how mobile phones are used by the poor for day-to-day survival in Tanzania’s largest city. The chapter shows how gendered economic bargains are negotiated at the very bottom of a survival economy located within the dynamics of a globalized economic system. An important characteristic of mobile telephony in Tanzania is its broad and efficient network of mobile money services. Mobile telephony alters the experiential effect of distance in a densely populated city with insufficient transportation infrastructure. Prior to sexual intimacy, mobile telephony and m-money provide the physical and temporal distances between the participants needed to help women evaluate their potential sexual partners through conversation.peerReviewe
Mobile Phone Theft, Resale, and Violence in Dar es Salaam
No full textIn Africa’s towns and cities more than those on any other continent, governments seem unable to ensure security for their citizens. The majority of urban residents find themselves ‘entangled within power dynamics that position them at the city’s margins, literally and figuratively’ (Myers 2011) . Although urban informality is defined by its ‘illegality’ from the perspective of regulatory elites (Potts 2007) , some informal activities are viewed as predatory or harmful by the urban residents who must deal with them in their everyday lives. These include bribery by officials and service providers, dispossession of inheritance by relatives, brokerage fraud, extortion by local government officials, and the harassment carried out by security guards against street vendors. Taken together, these practices constitute both obstacles to accessing resources by the poor and impediments to residents’ abilities to keep their hard-won resources. In the city I studied – Dar es Salaam –...peerReviewe
Rethinking gender and technology within intersections in the global South
No full textThis introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines mobile technology use in the Global South through the lens of intersectional understandings of power. It explores the integration of mobile phones in the lives of women from Gishu County in Kenya, and the meanings and symbolism attributed to this technology. The book deals with the material-feminist concept of social reproduction to understand the deepening precarity of the urban poor in Tanzania and their gendered responses to it. It explains the concept of young men’s financial inclusion linked to the proliferation of mobile money in Uganda. The book discusses the marginality of elderly women and their mobile phone relationships, and addresses the marginality of young rural women and how mobile phones open up spaces for negotiating agency. It focuses on the marginality of HIV-positive women in Ghana and their reliance on mobile communication for counselling and other health information.peerReviewe
Examining Power and Inequality through Informality in Urban Africa
No full textAs increasing numbers of Africans live in cities, their strategies for living and surviving challenge prevailing theories and models of urban development. Scholars of poverty and development have given more attention to rural areas than to urban ones, yet urban lifeways need more study because people’s material lives in the city differ significantly from those in rural areas. Urban residents are exposed to more ethnic, religious, and socio-economic diversity than rural residents (Jha et al. 2005) . Urban areas are also highly monetized, and the lives of especially the poorest residents are determined almost entirely by market forces. Money thus becomes the focus of city dwellers’ attention: the means by which relationships are negotiated, the measure of success, and a necessary condition for well-being. This volume defines ‘urban’ as residential aggregations in which the majority of residents work in non-agricultural activities, which generally means they are...peerReviewe
Neighbourhood Open Spaces : Co-production and Spatial Transformation in Addis Ababa
No full textThe open spaces of a city are its lungs. They are places for people to exercise and carry out social activities, they influence the water cycle, and have considerable impact on air quality. In the developed world, companies are attracted to locations that offer well-designed, well-managed public spaces and these in turn attract customers, employees, and services (Byrne and Sipe 2010) . The presence of green parks, squares, gardens, and other public spaces in urban areas have therefore become vital marketing tools. Well-planned areas with green open spaces offer benefits to the local economy in terms of raising real-estate prices (ibid. ) . Open spaces facilitate social communication, relaxation and recreation, and promote trade and tourism (Thompson 2002) . Open spaces are among a city’s most valuable assets that are threatened by rapid urban transformation. Protecting these open spaces and maintaining sustainable...peerReviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
VANV individual collections, 1940-2018 (inclusive): Dataset
No full textThe Vernacular Archive of Normal Volunteers (VANV), 1940-2018 (inclusive) is a collection of oral histories, associated archival documents, and project records created and collected by Laura Jeanine Morris Stark (born 1975) to explore the lives of the first “normal control” research subjects at the Clinical Center of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland who were recruited through NIH’s Normal Volunteer Patient Program.
Dataset consists of materials from two sources. First, it includes audio recordings and transcripts of oral histories Laura Stark conducted from 2010-2017 with individuals who were involved with the NIH Normal Volunteer Patient Program between 1954 and 2002, along with related personal documents given to Stark by interviewees such as photographs, letters, diaries, news clippings and other memorabilia. Most of the interviewees were former “normal controls” and others were NIH staff members or scientists who did research on the “normal volunteers.” For the interviewees who provided Stark with historical contextual documents, these materials were digitized and the files were combined into one "records" PDF file for each individual interviewee by the Center for the History of Medicine as part of the dataverse deposit process. Original contextual documents remain in the possession of the interviewees.
Second, the Dataset includes digital duplicates of materials related to the Normal Volunteer Patient Program compiled by Stark from the special collections of organizations that were the sources of “normal volunteers” for the NIH Clinical Center. Physical copies of the materials remain in the historical collections of organizations, such as universities, churches, civic groups, and labor unions, that signed contracts with NIH to provide healthy people for scientists to research through the Normal Volunteer Patient Program.
Records for individual collections are grouped alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee or the name of the organization. Data files include audio files of the oral history interviews, interview transcripts, individual consent and release forms, and related contextual documents supplied by interviewees or organizations.
Associated records such as interview questions, the protocol for interview transcription, and template consent, release, and donation forms may be found in the dataset "VANV project records, 2010-2018."
Note that the date span (1940-2018) of this dataset reflects the creation dates of original materials that may exist here only as more recently created digital reproductions, for example, items from 1940 are digital scans of letters, photographs, and other documents created in 1940.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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