197,132 research outputs found
Looking back at the stare-in-the-crowd effect: Staring eyes do not capture attention in visual search
No full textThe stare-in-the crowd effect refers to the finding that a visual search for a target of staring eyes among averted- eyesdistractersismoreefficientthanthesearchforan averted-eyes target among staring distracters. This finding could indicate that staring eyes are prioritized in the processing of the search array so that attention is more likely to be directed to their location than to any other. However, visual search is a complex process, which not only depends upon the properties of the target, but also the similarity between the target of the search and the distractor items and between the distractor items themselves. Across five experiments, we show that the search asymmetry diagnostic of the stare- in-the-crowd effect is more likely to be the result of a failure to control for the similarity among distracting items between the two critical search conditions rather than any special attention-grabbing property of staring gazes. Our results suggest that, contrary to results reported in the literature, staring gazes are not prioritized by attention in visual search
Spaceborne {Staring} {Spotlight} {SAR} {Tomography} - {A} {First} {Demonstration} with {TerraSAR}-{X}
No full textWith the objective of exploiting hardware capabilities and preparing the ground for the next-generation Xband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) missions, TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X are now able to operate in staring spotlight mode, which is characterized by an increased azimuth resolution of approximately 0:24 m compared to 1:1 m of the conventional sliding spotlight mode. In this manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time its potential for SAR tomography. To this end, we tailored our interferometric and tomographic processors for the distinctive features of the staring spotlight mode, which will be analyzed accordingly. By means of its higher spatial resolution, the staring spotlight mode will lead to more accurate and efficient height estimations due to the higher signal-to-clutter ratio and fewer layover effects, respectively. As a result of a rough comparison between sliding and staring spotlight TomoSAR, the following were observed: 1) the accuracy of the estimated relative height of the staring spotlight point cloud is approximately 4–6 times as high; 2) the density of the staring spotlight point cloud is approximately 6–7 times as high; 3) the ratio of the number of single scatterers to the number of double scatterers of the staring
spotlight point cloud is approximately 6–7 times as high
Investigating jammer suppression with a 3-D staring array
No full textA 3-D staring radar operates by using a wide beam transmitter to illuminate the entire surveillance region and generates multiple receive beams using a 2-D static array that can be digitised at element level. The sensor achieves permanent search in all directions and harnesses the spatial, temporal and spectral domains to improve detection and discrimination of low observable, highly manoeuvrable targets in congested air space against strong non-stationary clutter. While the susceptibility of traditional scanning radars to jammers has been well researched, very little work has been carried out to assess the performance of 3-D staring radars in the presence of an interference source. In this paper, the response of a staring array radar to a jammer is modelled. Results are presented showing that by exploiting the persistent dwell time of the staring array, it is possible to achieve effective jammer suppression using null steering or similar techniques
Development of Quantum Enabled Staring Radar with Low Phase Noise
No full textStaring radar provide a significant capability against the detection of low observable targets such as drones and birds. Their performance in strong urban clutter can be impacted by system limitations due to phase noise resulting from imperfections in the reference oscillator. This paper describes a new class of Quantum oscillator that can provide an alternative clock reference signal for the staring radar which can lower the phase noise and improve sensitivity against strong clutter at low frequencies. Preliminary results are presented to baseline empirical measurement of the staring radar in urban clutter as a precursor to the integration with the Quantum oscillator.</p
Position determination of resident space objects via triangulation with two passive-optical staring systems
No full textThe number of space objects orbiting the Earth is rapidly increasing. An opportunity to detect and measure the position of space objects are passive optical staring systems, e.g. our system called APPARILLO. While staring systems are capable of measuring highly accurate equatorial coordinates of space objects via an astrometric calibration, they do not provide information on their altitude unless the space object is assumed to fly on a circular orbit.
In this work we discuss an approach in which the altitude of a space object is measured via triangulation (simultaneous observation with two staring systems placed at different positions on Earth). Based on theoretical calculations, we estimate that the triangulation with two staring systems can provide the altitude of a typical space object in a low Earth orbit with an accuracy as low as 200 m. This is two orders of magnitude better compared
to a simple circular orbit approximation that can be used for a single staring system
Interbed demultiple using Marchenko redatuming on 3D field data of the Santos basin
No full textWe apply Marchenko redatuming using an adaptive double-focusing method to 3D field data of the Santos basin, Brazil. This method was already successfully applied to 2D field data and we now study the acquisition geometry and preprocessing requirements in 3D. We start from 3D synthetic data modeled on a dense grid of colocated sources and receivers and decimate down to a realistic NAZ streamer acquisition. The synthetic tests show that the sail line spacing and the missing outer cables are the acquisition parameters with the strongest effect on Marchenko redatuming. We can interpolate for the sail line spacing and the near offsets, but the missing outer cables are unfortunately a limitation of the acquisition. After applying the proposed interpolation to 3D field data, interbed multiples are successfully predicted and subtracted from the target area, resulting in a significant improvement in the geological interpretation. Naturally, the pre-processing requirements and challenges strongly depend on the acquisition geometry and the geology of the area under investigation (e.g. water depth, shape of the overburden, maximum dip). Hence, these tests only give a general idea about the limitations of 3D Marchenko redatumingAccepted author manuscriptApplied Geophysics and PetrophysicsImPhys/Acoustical Wavefield Imagin
Staring and Perceptions Towards Persons with Facial Disfigurement
No full textA convenience sample of college students (N=33) enrolled in courses in the College of Health and Human Performance at East Carolina University was used to determine if there were statistically significant relationships between staring and perceptions of people with facial disfigurement. Staring was measured by fixation time in seconds with an Applied Sciences Laboratories (ASL, Watham, MA) 6000 SU eye movement system with Eyehead Integration Software and GazeTracker to see if participants spent more time fixating on people with facial disfigurement than people without facial disfigurement when presented with four photos on a computer monitor. Perceptions of people were measured by the Facial Disfigurement Photograph Scale, a Likert-type scale which measures perceptions of honesty, employability, intelligence, trustworthiness, attractiveness, optimism, effectiveness, popularity, and capability based on a person's appearance in a photo. Results indicated that people with facial disfigurement (M=3.2, SD=1.7) were stared at longer than people without facial disfigurement (M=2.7, SD=1.3); t=-2.25, p<.05. However, only the perception of capability of people with facial disfigurement was significantly related to staring (p<.05).
Staring and Perceptions Towards Persons with Facial Disfigurement
No full textA convenience sample of college students (N=33) enrolled in courses in the College of Health and Human Performance at East Carolina University was used to determine if there were statistically significant relationships between staring and perceptions of people with facial disfigurement. Staring was measured by fixation time in seconds with an Applied Sciences Laboratories (ASL, Watham, MA) 6000 SU eye movement system with Eyehead Integration Software and GazeTracker to see if participants spent more time fixating on people with facial disfigurement than people without facial disfigurement when presented with four photos on a computer monitor. Perceptions of people were measured by the Facial Disfigurement Photograph Scale, a Likert-type scale which measures perceptions of honesty, employability, intelligence, trustworthiness, attractiveness, optimism, effectiveness, popularity, and capability based on a person's appearance in a photo. Results indicated that people with facial disfigurement (M=3.2, SD=1.7) were stared at longer than people without facial disfigurement (M=2.7, SD=1.3); t=-2.25, p<.05. However, only the perception of capability of people with facial disfigurement was significantly related to staring (p<.05). M.S
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