1,720,959 research outputs found
Kantian Aspects of Norman Bowie and R. Edward Freeman Business Ethics
No full textThe aim of the article is to present the Kantian aspects of N. Bowie and R.E. Freeman business ethics. Both authors are well-known in English-area business ethics as the thinkers working on stakeholder theory. R.E. Freeman, a founder of the stakeholder theory, stated the position called “Kantian capitalism” in 1988-1993. N. Bowie has been working on Kantian business ethics since 90‘s till now.
R.E. Freeman uses the second formulation of categorical imperative to redefine the aim of the corporation. According to him the traditional definition is false, because it treats stakeholders (excluding shareholders) as means to profi t (as a traditional firm’s aim). Thus, he defines the new aim as acting for interest of all stakeholders. However, this position is sensitive to strong objections what probably caused the author himself to reject it. Furthermore, Freeman’s position seems to be rather utilitarian than Kantian: acting for other’s interest as an aim of morally good company, weighing and sacrificing interest as a method of morally good acting.
N. Bowie’s application of Kantian ideas is wider and more systematic than Freeman’s approach. Nonetheless, it is also sensitive to many particular objections, especially misunderstanding of Kantian ideas. Bowie rejects the idea of purity of motive in Kantian ethics in order to justify the possibility of rational Kantian ethics application to area of business. Finally, making the possibility of application seems to be a proof for economical usefulness of Kantian ethics what makes this position close to utilitarianism too (like in Freeman case)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Is the Polish Model of Insurance Market Morally Fair?
No full textThe aim of this article is to present the problem of moral fairness of Polish insurance market. According to Polish law and Polish Brokers Code Of Conduct broker should act for the benefit of insured individuals. However, the fact that brokers are paid a courtage (broker fee) by insurers allows to doubt whether brokers always act genuinely for the benefit of their customers. Two different answers to the question were analysed: one suggested by P. Sukiennik and the other offered by J. Kliszcz. P. Sukiennik claims that broker fee must be transparent for clients. He thinks that the transparency results in lowering the total amount of commission and finally it increases the quality of brokerage. J. Kliszcz insists that nowadays regulation is sufficient in guarantying clients’ interests. He maintains that a client is not interested in getting to know the broker fee, but in lowering the total price of service. From the ethical point of view one can say that both authors tacitly accept the utilitarian perspective. However, they judge differently the existing practices and thus give different prescriptions
Ethical aspects of prescription of taking stakeholders into account in early R.E. Freeman’s works
No full textCelem artykułu jest analiza etycznych aspektów zalecenia brania pod uwagę interesariuszy w pracach wczesnego R.E. Freemana. Zdaniem swojego twórcy wczesna koncepcja interesariuszy nie tylko nie jest koncepcją etyczną, ale wręcz nie powinna być w taki sposób interpretowana. Uzasadnienie brania pod uwagę interesariuszy jest dla wczesnego Freemana czysto skutecznościowe, autor wprost deklaruje pozaetyczny charakter swoich prac. Głównym argumentem na rzecz etycznych interpretacji wczesnego modelu Freemana jest – mimo wszystkich ograniczeń płynących z instrumentalizmu – w praktyce często prospołeczny na poziomie skutków charakter modelu.The aim of this article is the analysis of the prescription of taking stakeholders’ into account in early R.E. Freeman works. Accordingly to the founder of the stakeholder theory its early version is neither the ethical theory, nor should be even interpreted as such. Taking stakeholders’ into account is justified and legitimized only by effectiveness of management processes. Thus early Freeman expressly states his amoral attitude. The socially beneficial character of practical consequences of Freeman’s model, despite limitations of its instrumentalism, is the main argument in favor of ethical interpretations of the early stakeholder theory
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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