1,721,059 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Optimisation of Neonatal Antimicrobial Therapy Using Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling
No full textBacterial infections, namely sepsis and meningitis, are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality during the neonatal period. In an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, when few new types of antibiotics are being developed, antimicrobial therapy needs to be optimised to ensure that adequate doses are given. At the same time, since renal function is immature in neonates, the dosing regime needs to be designed to minimise toxicity. The studies described here aimed to address the following questions: what is the appropriate way to scale drug clearance in the paediatric population; how can treatment be individualised and optimised to help improve the therapeutic drug monitoring of gentamicin; what meropenem dose should be recommended for neonates and infants with sepsis or meningitis; and finally how can a modelling approach be used to facilitate the definition of neonatal sepsis. The above questions were addressed using distinct strategies. An extensive comparison of published models for scaling clearance was performed. Population pharmacokinetic models using data from large gentamicin and meropenem studies in neonates were developed, and then either implemented in provisional software, or used to make dose recommendations, respectively. Also, in a preliminary study, item response theory models were applied to pharmacodynamic data from neonates with sepsis. The use of allometric weight scaling with a postmenstrual age driven sigmoidal maturation function was recommended as a standard approach for scaling clearance. The population pharmacokinetic model developed using gentamicin data showed that specifically timed trough levels are not needed for therapeutic drug monitoring. The results of the meropenem study imply that the current recommended dosing regimen for neonates is appropriate for susceptible bacteria. Finally, the proof-of-concept study suggested that metabolic acidosis provided the most information about the sepsis status of neonates
Modelling Immune Reconstitution following Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and in HIV-Infected Children
Get PDFMechanistic mathematical modelling can be used to understand the fundamental drivers of the immune system and how the system is affected by medical interventions. Key to this understanding in children is the interplay between age and treatment-related effects. This thesis focusses on immune reconstitution following paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and following the start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since quantitative reconstitution is only one aspect of immune function, in the final chapter I develop a model to explore the dynamics of T cell receptor diversity. Following HSCT, reconstitution of neutrophils and platelets was modelled using a previous mechanistic model. For CD4 T cell reconstitution, a novel mechanistic model was constructed that included age-related changes in T cell dynamics, the delay to thymic output after HSCT and competition for resources. In HIV-infected children starting ART, a simplified previous model for CD4 T cell and HIV dynamics was adapted to include mechanistic elements for multi-phasic viral load decline, age-related changes in T cell dynamics and competition for resources. Using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling with these deterministic models allowed parameters to be estimated with the uneven and often sparse data available. The models were then used to find factors that affect reconstitution. The model for CD4 reconstitution following HSCT was then used to make verifiable predictions of reconstitution in a new cohort of paediatric patients. T cell receptor diversity dynamics were investigated with a stochastic model in which all T cells compete equally for a global resource. The model was simple enough that numerical simulations could be performed with large numbers of cells and clonotypes, and the model could be characterised analytically. Equations were obtained for long-term mean T cell numbers, clonotype numbers, clonotype size distributions and the Gini coefficient as a measure of dispersion. The model was then extended to model host-donor CD8 memory T cell dynamics in bone marrow transplanted mice, showing that biologically simple assumptions could explain the observed dynamics
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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