1,721,025 research outputs found
Standaert (Nicolas) The Fascinating God. A Challenge to Modern Chinese Theology Presented by a Text on the Name of God Written by a 17th Century Chinese Student of Theology
No full textAubin Françoise. Standaert (Nicolas) The Fascinating God. A Challenge to Modern Chinese Theology Presented by a Text on the Name of God Written by a 17th Century Chinese Student of Theology. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°102, 1998. p. 134
Standaert (Nicolas) The Fascinating God. A Challenge to Modern Chinese Theology Presented by a Text on the Name of God Written by a 17th Century Chinese Student of Theology
No full textAubin Françoise. Standaert (Nicolas) The Fascinating God. A Challenge to Modern Chinese Theology Presented by a Text on the Name of God Written by a 17th Century Chinese Student of Theology. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°102, 1998. p. 134
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Companions in Geography: Maps, Instruments and the Mapping of Qing China (ca. 1685-1735)
No full textThis dissertation takes a fresh approach to the study of the exchange in scientific knowledge between Europe and continental East Asia in the 17th and 18th centuries, with a particular interest in cartographic practice. The mapping of territories controlled by the Great Qing, initiated at the behest of the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722) and executed by teams of surveyors consisting of Qing officials and European missionaries, sets the stage and forms the backbone of this study.
This unprecedented mapping project, the largest the world had ever seen at the time, is revisited in three major steps. First, I illustrate how a new Qing cartographic practice was established, the direct result of a converging of interests between the Kangxi emperor, the Jesuit order and the French Académie des sciences. Next, the unique and collaborative character of the mapping project is emphasized, with attention to the wide variety of individuals and institutions involved in the land surveys that took place between 1708 and 1718. In a last step, I explore the subsequent circulation of printed maps and atlases, shaped by individual connections and spanning the entire Eurasian continent.
In all, I aim to reach a deeper understanding of how the circulation of cartographic knowledge and practices occurred between and within Europe and continental East Asia at the turn of the 18th century. This is done by tracing the trajectories of two kinds of material objects: surveying instruments and maps. By closely following the process of their many adaptations, I reassemble the constantly changing web of social relations that emanates from studying these trajectories. As a result, I argue, an improved cartography of cross-cultural circulation emerges, one that reveals unstudied patterns and actors while emphasizing their basic connectedness.
This approach allows me to nuance several of the dichotomies that have pervaded the literature for decades: traditional versus scientific practice, global versus local networks, circulation versus production of knowledge, and Chinese versus European elements. As such, a fresh perspective emerges that presents new possibilities for studying cross-cultural scientific exchanges in history.status: Publishe
Roots and branches: The puzzle of continuity and change in China's humanitarian diplomacy in Africa
No full textThis study explores Chinas humanitarian diplomacy in Africa in the past decade. It posits that while this diplomacy is often characterised in the literature as evolving from a rigid adherence to the principle of non-interference in internal affairs to a more flexible or pragmatic stance, attachment to sovereignty has actually remained an important hallmark of China's intervention policy. Chinas stance can therefore be characterized as one comprising both non-interference and non-indifference. This puzzle of continuity and change forms the central topic of this study, which includes five case studies of China's recent diplomacy on humanitarian crises in Africa and invokes insights from identity and role theory. It is one of the first studies to apply role theory extensively to Chinese foreign policy.The study relates the diversity in the outlook of Chinas humanitarian diplomacy to elements of change and continuity in Chinas foreign policy identity. Identity is conceptualized as a set of mutually constructed beliefs about the self and others in the international arena and about the relationships that exist between the self and these others. Following role theory, identity is assumed to provide states with a sense of which behaviour is appropriate for them and also of which interests to prioritize in a given situation. Identity thus offers a foundation for states motivational and behavioural orientation in foreign policy. The study holds identity to be a particular valuable concept when trying to understand the motivations of China as an emerging and evolving power, in Africa and beyond. It posits that China is reinventing itself for a new era but keeps on revisiting old senses of self and long-held beliefs. On the one hand, there is clear recognition among the Chinese leadership of the potential for a more active role in international affairs considering China's increasing material and non-material power resources. Chinese foreign policy elites cautiously acknowledge the legitimacy of the expectations that are projected onto China in this regard, both domestically and internationally. This acknowledgment has given rise to the endorsement of a new foreign policy identity as a responsible great power and a role conception that entails greater activism. With regard to international peace and security, China's activism has mostly come to the fore in its increased participation in UN peacekeeping and to a markedly lesser extent involvement in conflict diplomacy. However, on the other hand, older Chinese self-representations such as that of China as a weak power and a victim of Western imperialism and that of China as a member of the Third World continue to hold relevance. Historically developed beliefs about the intrinsic value of sovereignty and about inherent tensions between the developed and the developing world on issues of sovereignty continue to instil role conceptions that defend sovereignty and uphold solidarity with developing countries. Identity thus acts not only as a source of change in China's humanitariandiplomacy but also of continuity. Traditional self-images impede the development of a novel, more proactive intervention doctrine.Studies often highlight the enabling effect of older corporate and social identities, for instance in terms of an alleged Chinese propensity to act as a free-rider or to present itself in a favourable manner in Africa vis-à-vis established great power. However, this study reveals how, in the case of Chinas intervention policy, older identities also act as a constraint. For instance, a perceived need to maintain a united front with developing powers at times causes China to endorse more intervention than a strict application of the non-interference principle would allow for. China has occasionally abandoned its insistence on key principles such as host nation consent due to the support of key regional players for proposed UN enforcement measures. In this regard, it is interesting how for a rising China, developing countries continue to provide guidance on what exactly constitutes responsibility with regard to the specific issue of intervention in the Third World. In another example, deep-rooted reservations about power politics make China reluctant to intervene in domestic conflicts even in defence of its own interests as an emerging power.The research highlights the value of an approach centred on localisation when studying China's acceptance of new norms of sovereignty, such as sovereignty as responsibility and responsibility to protect. Localisation does not seek evidence of full-fledged norms compliance or moral transformation but attempts to understand how new beliefs and practices become embedded in the old beliefs and relationships that once constituted a normative order of their own. Change is thus not approached as the replacement of the old with the new but rather as the product of an interaction between these two elements. The study concludes by pointing at the potential for role compatibility between traditional great powers and China, which it holds to offer better prospects than a traditional approach of socialisation: on the one hand, attachment to sovereignty and wariness of power politics continue to be entrenched in the Chinese sense of self. For older Chinese self-representations such as that of China as a victim or a developing power, notwithstanding Chinas rising power, the tension between external role and inner appreciation has not - or not yet - reached a point that would cause the former to be discarded. On the other hand, an increasingly powerful China is less likely to be susceptible to socialisation, which mostly - and probably most fruitfully - occurs in an asymmetrical power situation, which no longer corresponds to current-day realities.status: Publishe
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