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Kingship in the Age of Extraction: How British Deconstruction and Isolation of African Kingship Reshaped Identity and Spurred Nigeria’s North/South Divide, 1885-1937
No full textRevision requested by author. Correction to page 9.To the outside observer today, Nigeria is a state whose political troubles are sunk in its oil wells. Yet in truth the difficulties facing Nigeria are reflective of colonialism’s alteration of Nigerian society, and in order to truly understand Nigeria’s complex landscapes, one has to understand the evolution of complex national identities. As modern states emerge, each of them are influenced, driven, or in some extreme cases formed entirely around ethnic, religious, and cultural histories. However within some states with sizable minority populations, a counter-cultural form of nationalism is created, whereby a specific group’s culture, beliefs, or history becomes a call for that group’s own state. Whether in the Basque region of Spain, in Iraqi and Turkish Kurdistan, in Quebec, or in Scotland, self-identity around a specific culture can directly lead to nationalist movements. These movements can either resu lt in violent struggles (Georgia’s Abkhazia and South Ossetia regions), prolonged postponement (Morocco’s Western Sahara region), or in independence referendums (Scotland in 2014). Yet regardless of the various effectiveness of identity-driven nationalist movements, states with large populations that share a common social cleavage eventually must deal with their identity crisis in some capacity.
Nigerians, however, face an ongoing identity crisis whereby it can be difficult to conceptualize a singular Nigerian identity. Yet herein lies the value of understanding colonial influence on Nigerian identity: Islam and Modern Nationalism are so generationally ingrained that these two competing ideologies supersede all other social cleavages on a national scale. Nigeria’s north/south divide is a rift created as two supremely opposite regions were morphed into two distinct colonies and then abruptly joined together. As northerners of different ethnicities were coalesced into Northern Nigeria, Islam became the uniting identity category that grew in importance as the effects of colonial neglect grew more pronounced. On balance, the institutionalization of hundreds of groups of southerners as a result of a loss of traditional kingship placed southerners in colonial positions and institutions that would eventually lead to pan-Nigerianism. Rather than the single group counter-culture n ationalism prevalent in many states, Nigerians instead face a unique challenge as the ethnic, religious, and culture cleavages of several hundred groups have been consolidated and generalized into a north/south regional divide. As a result of direct rule through the deconstruction of kingship in the south and as a result of indirect rule and isolation of kingship in the north, Nigerians’ identities have been ideologically blended, but geographically placed into contention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
História Pessimista: Identidade Santomense, Pessimismo, e História em dois textos do século dezanove
Get PDFThis paper adds to the scholarly literature about the Santomean past by analyzing the specific language used in the 19th century texts written by José Joaquim Lopes de Lima and Raimundo José da Cunha Matos. By considering the literary techniques employed by these two writers, the paper can elucidate the literary trends that became entrenched as standard ways of writing and thinking about São Tomé. In particular, Matos and Lima presented images and language of varying societies on São Tomé island, but they wrote about these as a singular colonial society. Their singular island society came to define the idea of “São Tomé” for foreign readers and local people.Este trabalho contribui para a literatura académica sobre o passado santomense, analisando a linguagem específica utilizada nos textos do século 19 escritos por José Joaquim Lopes de Lima e José Raimundo da Cunha Matos. Por considerar as técnicas literárias empregadas por estes dois escritores, o papel pode elucidar as tendências literárias que se tornaram entrincheirados como formas padronizadas de escrever e pensar sobre São Tomé. Matos e Lima apresentou imagens e linguagem de diferentes sociedades em São Tomé ilha, mas eles escreveram sobre estes como uma sociedade singular colonial. Sua singular sociedade passou a definir a idéia de “São Tomé” para os leitores estrangeiros e habitantes locais
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
História Pessimista: Identidade Santomense, Pessimismo, e História em dois textos do século dezanove
No full textThis paper adds to the scholarly literature about the Santomean past by analyzing the specific language used in the 19th century texts written by José Joaquim Lopes de Lima and Raimundo José da Cunha Matos. By considering the literary techniques employed by these two writers, the paper can elucidate the literary trends that became entrenched as standard ways of writing and thinking about São Tomé. In particular, Matos and Lima presented images and language of varying societies on São Tomé island, but they wrote about these as a singular colonial society. Their singular island society came to define the idea of “São Tomé” for foreign readers and local people.Este trabalho contribui para a literatura académica sobre o passado santomense, analisando a linguagem específica utilizada nos textos do século 19 escritos por José Joaquim Lopes de Lima e José Raimundo da Cunha Matos. Por considerar as técnicas literárias empregadas por estes dois escritores, o papel pode elucidar as tendências literárias que se tornaram entrincheirados como formas padronizadas de escrever e pensar sobre São Tomé. Matos e Lima apresentou imagens e linguagem de diferentes sociedades em São Tomé ilha, mas eles escreveram sobre estes como uma sociedade singular colonial. Sua singular sociedade passou a definir a idéia de “São Tomé” para os leitores estrangeiros e habitantes locais
Converging on Cannibals Terrors of Slaving in Atlantic Africa, 1509-1670
No full textIn Converging on Cannibals, Jared Staller demonstrates that one of the most terrifying discourses used during the era of transatlantic slaving-cannibalism-was coproduced by Europeans and Africans. When these people from vastly different cultures first came into contact, they shared a fear of potential cannibals.Intro -- CONTENTS -- ILLUSTRATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 1: An Introduction to Cannibal Talk -- 2: Angels of Deliverance, 1483-ca. 1543 -- 3: Phantoms of the Kongo, 1568-1591 -- 4: Destroyers of Angola, 1600-1625 -- Gallery of images -- 5: Queen of Cruelty, 1629-1655 -- 6: Preachers and Publicists, 1500-ca. 1670 -- 7: The Afterlife of the Jaga -- Appendix A: Research Methods -- Appendix B: Suggested Further Readings by Chapter and Topic -- Appendix C: Primary Source Excerpts -- Notes -- Bibliography -- IndexIn Converging on Cannibals, Jared Staller demonstrates that one of the most terrifying discourses used during the era of transatlantic slaving-cannibalism-was coproduced by Europeans and Africans. When these people from vastly different cultures first came into contact, they shared a fear of potential cannibals.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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