97,888 research outputs found
How much control is enough? Monitoring and enforcement under Stalin
No full textGiven wide scope for asymmetric information in huge hierarchies agents have a large capacity for opportunistic behaviour. Hidden actions increase transactions costs and cause the demand for monitoring and enforcement. Once the latter are costly, this raises questions about their scope, logistics and type. Using historical records, this paper examines the Stalin’s answers to them. We find that Stalin maximised efficiency of the Soviet system of control but had to mitigate with the problems of the loyalty of inspectors themselves and the necessity to lessen the risk of a “chaos of orders” arising from parallel centres of power
Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts
No full textCitation: K-State First (2016). Joshua Davis: Author of Spare Parts [Flier]. Manhattan, Kansas: K-State First.Flyer advertising Joshua Davis's author talk at Kansas State University
Steven Johnson Author Talk Poster
No full textK-State Book NetworkA poster advertising an author talk by Steven Johnson at Kansas State University on September 3, 2014. Steven Johnson's book "The Ghost Map" was the 2014-2015 common book
Totalitarianism and geography: L.S. Berg and the defence of an academic discipline in the age of Stalin
No full textIn considering the complex relationship between science and politics, the article focuses upon the career of the eminent Russian scholar, Lev Semenovich Berg (1876–1950), one of the leading geographers of the Stalin period. Already before the Russian Revolution, Berg had developed a naturalistic notion of landscape geography which later appeared to contradict some aspects of Marxist–Leninist ideology. Based partly upon Berg's personal archive, the article discusses the effects of the 1917 revolution, the radical changes which Stalin's cultural revolution (from the late 1920s) brought upon Soviet science, and the attacks made upon Berg and his concept of landscape geography thereafter. The ways in which Berg managed to defend his notion of geography (sometimes in surprisingly bold ways) are considered. It is argued that geography's position under Stalin was different from that of certain other disciplines in that its ideological disputes may have been regarded as of little significance by the party leaders, certainly by comparison with its practical importance, thus providing a degree of ‘freedom’ for some geographers at least analogous to that which has been described by Weiner (1999. <i>A little corner of freedom: Russian nature protection from Stalin to Gorbachev</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press) for conservationists. It is concluded that Berg and others successfully upheld a concept of scientific integrity and limited autonomy even under Stalinism, and that, in an era of ‘Big Science’, no modernizing state could or can afford to emasculate these things entirely
How Much Control is Enough? Monitoring and Enforcement under Stalin.
No full textIn hierarchies, agents’ hidden actions increase principals' transactions costs and give rise to a demand for monitoring and enforcement. The fact that the latter are costly raises questions about their scope, organisation, and type. How much control is enough? The paper uses historical records to examine Stalin’s answers to this question. We find that Stalin's behaviour was consistent with his aiming to maximise the efficiency of the Soviet system of control subject to the loyalty of his inspectors and the risk of a “chaos of orders” arising from parallel centres of power.Casymmetric information, principal-agent problem, transaction costs, hierarchy, USSR
Allocation under dictatorship : research in Stalin’s archives
No full textWe survey recent research on the Soviet economy in the state, party, and military
archives of the Stalin era. The archives have provided rich new evidence on the economic
arrangements of a command system under a powerful dictator including
Stalin’s role in the making of the economic system and economic policy, Stalin’s accumulation
objectives and the constraints that limited his power to achieve them, the
limits to administrative allocation, the information flows and incentives that governed
the behavior of economic managers, the scope and significance of corruption and
market-oriented behavior, and the prospects for economic reform
The Story behind the Battle: How did the Red Army of the Soviet Union so fiercely and victoriously defend Stalingrad in 1942-43 despite the lack of trained officers, equipment, preparation, and morale in 1941?
No full textThe victory over Axis forces by the Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 is considered one of the major turning points of World War Two. General Vasily Chuikov and the men of the 62nd Army, supported by General Alexander Rodimtsev’s 13th Guards Division, were trapped inside the city, where fighting amongst the bombed-out ruins at times consisted of hand-to-hand combat with only knives and spades as weapons. The German forces attacked Stalingrad with double the infantry the defenders possessed, three times their strength in artillery, five times as many tanks, and were supported by overwhelming air power, but the brilliant military tactics of General Georgy Zhukov enabled the Soviet armies outside Stalingrad to eventually encircle the yet undefeated German 6th Army.
Constrained by Soviet politics from its inception in 1918, and later by the paranoid psychology of the tyrannical leader Joseph Stalin, the men and women of the Red Army struggled to survive an inadequate system, with low pay and poor housing, and they often went untrained. Due to Stalin’s ruthlessness in his desire to stay in power as Secretary of the Soviet Union and Soviet Premier, everyone, including ordinary citizens, peasants, and important politicians became victims of his wrath, and the military was certainly no exception. During the 1930s, the Red Army High Command was purged in its thousands, with the result being the loss of many highly experienced officers.
This thesis will discuss and analyses the Red Army’s background from 1918, to its position in 1941, when German and Axis forces invaded the Soviet Union in a covert manoeuvre codenamed Operation Barbarossa. It will explain the occurrences that changed the Red Army from an untrained, undisciplined, purged, ill-equipped, and dispirited entity, to gain the victory at the battle of Stalingrad
History of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet union (Stalin\u27s era)
No full textRuska pravoslavna Cerkev je vedno imela zapletene odnose s Sovjetsko zvezo. Že sam Lenin je duhovnike kruto preganjal, vendar je to počel le v času ruske državljanske vojne, drugače pa zanj represija ni bila sprejemljiva oblika vladanja. Čeprav je bil v njegovem času zaprt patriarh, se je pravo trpljenje Ruske pravoslavne Cerkve začelo pod Stalinom. Ruska pravoslavna Cerkev se je začela zavedati, da se mora zaščititi, zato je patriarh sklenil podpreti Stalina. Vendar to ni pomagalo, saj so se v 30-ih letih (Stalinove čistke) začela nova preganjanja. Zato še toliko bolj preseneti odnos Stalina do Cerkve v času druge svetovne vojne. Cerkev ni več preganjana, saj jo Stalin sedaj potrebuje. Še vedno pa se dogajajo preganjanja za tiste, ki želijo oživeti versko življenje pod nemško okupacijo. Ti duhovniki so ostro kaznovani, saj jih sumijo sodelovanja z nemško okupacijo. To je bilo še bolj sumljivo, saj so Nemci začeli ponovno odpirati cerkve, ki so bile prej zaprte. Zaradi tega pa je Stalin začel sodelovati s Cerkvijo. Po koncu vojne se je vse začelo znova: nova preganjanja, nove aretacije. Zdaj so začeli preganjati tudi intelektualce, ki so zagovarjali religijo. Preganjanje je trajalo vse do Stalinove smrti leta 1953. Danes pa v Rusiji vlada prepričanje, ki je mešanica stalinizma in pravoslavja.Russian Orthodox Church always had a complicated relationship with the Soviet Union. Lenin himself cruelly persecuted priests, but he only did it in the time of Russian civil war, otherwise repression was not acceptable form of government for him. Although in Lenin’s time patriarch was imprisoned, true suffering of the Russian Orthodox Church began under Stalin. Russian Orthodox Church began to realize that it needs to protect itself and that is why the patriarch decided to support Stalin. However, that didn’t help, because in the 1930s (Stalin’s purges) new persecutions started. Because of this, Stalin’s attitude towards the Church in the Second World War is surprising. The Church was no longer persecuted because now Stalin needed it. Persecutions of those that wanted to revive religious life under German occupation still happened. These priests were severely punished because they were suspected of collaboration with German occupators. This was furthermore more suspicious because Germans started to openin churches that were previously closed. Because of this Stalin began collaboratin with the Church. After the war, it all started again: new persecutions, new arrests. Now they also started persecuting scholars that defended religion. Persecution lasted until Stalin’s death in 1953. Today, in Russia rules the conviction that is a mix of Stalinism and orthodoxy
Phoenix Stalin: Political-social Analysis
No full textkatedra: KFL; přílohy: CD; rozsah: 64 s.This Bachelor Thesis looks at Vissarionovič Joseph Stalin as a phenomenonin world history. The aim of the work is to bring socio-political analysis based oncomparison of already existing written sources. To be more specific, on the basis ofCVs from the author Edvard Radzinsky, Alan Bullock, Walter Kerr, Václav Veber,Marcou Lilly and Robert C. Tucker. Due to different interpretation of the life stages acomparison of the individual authors is carried out and the differentiations oragreements between the authors is pointed.The Bachelor Thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part mentionsthe reason for the choice of diploma's subject and introduces the reader into itscontent. Furthermore, the main part - chronologically arranged chapters about the lifedevelopment of Vissarionovič Joseph Stalin from the perspective of authors. Theresult of this part leads to a comprehensive biography of J.V. Stalin. Last but not leasta confrontation of my own results and the authors? opinions is made in the last part.Bakalářská práce rozebírá Josefa Vissarionoviče Stalina jako fenoménsvětových dějin. Cílem práce je snaha podat sociálně-politický rozbor Stalina nazákladě komparace již napsaných zdrojů. A to konkrétně na základě životopisů odautorů Edvarda Radzinského, Alana Bullocka, Waltera Kerra, Václava Vebera, LillyMarcouové a Roberta C. Tuckera. Vzhledem k různé interpretaci jednotlivýchživotních etap provádím v bakalářské práci komparaci jednotlivých autorů aupozorňuji v závěru na rozdílnosti, či shody mezi jednotlivými autory.Bakalářská práce je rozdělena na tři hlavní části a to na úvod, kterýpojednává o důvodu volby tématu mé bakalářské práce a uvádí čtenáře do jejíhoobsahu. Dále pak na hlavní část - chronologicky řazené kapitoly o vývoji životaJosefa Vissarionoviče Stalina z pohledu autorů píšících o něm. Vzniká tak zevrubnýživotopis J. V. Stalina. Poslední částí je závěr, kde konfrontuji názory a závěryjednotlivých autorů s mým osobním pohledem na J. V. Stalina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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