1,720,991 research outputs found
Enabling biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture: An eco-industrial perspective
Full text linkFood production, including cereal crops such as maize, rice, and wheat, and other products like oilseed, tubers, dairy, meat, fish and sugar, accounts for up to 50 % of global crop output and is projected to rise along with population and income growth. As industrial agriculture heavily relies on mineral fertilizers, for sustaining crop growth, the global fertilizer consumption is also projected to rise in the upcoming years. Nitrogen is the most critical nutrient for crops, so that N-based fertilizers are the most widely used worldwide. However, excessive N fertilization leads to remarkable environmental damage and economic losses annually. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by aligning nitrogen supply with plant demand is crucial for more sustainable agriculture. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) presents a promising strategy to reduce synthetic N use. However, integrating BNF into industrial agriculture requires strategies that address both biological and technical challenges. This review discusses the limitations and feasibility of existing strategies to enable BNF in non-leguminous crops. Currently, issues such as consistency and scalability of microbial products, along with regulations, are amongst the main limitations to the adoption of BNF in agriculture. In addition, as the production of bioformulations has not been standardized yet, many products still lack reproducibility, stability and applicability. In this review, relevant factors contributing to the design of effective microbial formulations are discussed, and product design is proposed as alternative valuable strategy which – coupled with appropriate proof of agronomic efficacy – can enable BNF-based solutions as more sustainable fertilization practices. Therefore, the development of effective microbial formulations aiming at reducing N input, losses, and dependence on synthetic fertilizers, is described in the light of both industrial and ecological perspectives. The review remarks the potential of biofertilizers as tools to enable BNF in agriculture and how an eco-design can help developing more effective, stable and hence scalable products. On the other hand, beside the increasing market demand, the regulatory framework is still a major barrier, playing an important role in the identification and formulation of reliable protocols aimed at standardizing the production of microbial products for fertilizing purposes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Simultaneous Multiharmonic Imaging of Nanoparticles in Tissues for Increased Selectivity
No full text- …
