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"Å sjå gjennom rørsle" : Kva positive verknader kan motorisk meistring ha for ei heilskapleg utvikling hjå barnehageborn med svekka syn i alderen 5-6 år? Korleis kan bevisst tenking rundt vaksenrolla og bruk av rommet, bidra til erfaring, handling, initiativ og læring hjå born med svekka syn?
Get PDFMaurice Merleau- Ponty sin filosofi har kroppen i sentrum for all utvikling og sansing. Kroppen er personlegdomen sitt subjekt og det er gjennom kroppen vissheita tek form. Han er den fyrste innan fenomenologien som gir kroppen forrang og byrjar med den. Merleau- Ponty legg vekt på at ein som menneske har ei hensikt med det ein gjer. Kroppen er alltid retta mot noko. Gjennom erfaring, meiningssøking, refleksjon, handling og ved å overskrida seg sjølv, er ein både objekt og subjekt samstundes. Kroppen er slik den vert opplevd av den enkelte.
I dette litteraturstudiet tek eg utgangspunkt i Merleau- Ponty sitt syn på kroppen og kva motorisk aktivitet kan ha å seie for læring og utvikling hjå 5- 6 år gamle born med nedsett syn i den norske barnehagen. Utfordringane eit barn med nedsett syn har i forhold til å vera fysisk aktiv, treng ikkje stoppa ein aktiv barndom. For å kunne tilrettelegga for ei heilskapleg utvikling, er det viktig at ein har fagkunnskap om den enkelte synshemminga. Gir ein born med svekka syn tilstrekkelege utfordringar?
Born med nedsett syn, tek inn fleire signal gjennom den auditive kanalen, i forhold til jamnaldrande sjåande born. Dei kan òg ha eit anna kroppsspråk enn sjåande og bruker kroppen sin annleis, ut frå erfaringane sine. Pga begrensa syn vil dei fleste ha begrensa motoriske erfaringar, då dei sjølv tek relativt få motoriske initiativ, utan vaksenstøtte. Dei treng tryggleik og støtte til å bruke kroppen aktivt saman med andre born, slik at dei får ei aktiv og meiningsfull rolle i sin eigen kvardag.
Bruk av både ute og innerommet er ein del av eit førskulebarn sin kvardag i den norske barnehagen. Korleis det vert tilrettelagt ut frå Rammeplan for barnehagen og lokale forhold, samt det enkelte barnet sine føresetnader er sentralt. Bruk av rom påverkar kva erfaringar ein får og kva ein sjølv tek initiativ til og føler at ein meistrar. Rørsle i rommet er ein avgjerande faktor i forhold til ein meingsfull kvardag der ein sjølv kan ta val og påverke.
Erfaring, handling, initiativ og læring vert i denne oppgåva sett på som noko som fremjar ei heilskapleg utvikling gjennom å vera motorisk aktiv. Korleis ein lærer og syn på læring vert tatt opp. Kroppen og korleis sansar og kjensler i kroppen gir sjølvkjensle og motivasjon til vidare refleksjon og utprøving, er noko som vert drøfta i lys av kroppen sin fenomenologi.
Den profesjonelle vaksenrolla i barnehagen vert drøfta i lys av Merleau- Ponty sine tankar om kroppen. Vaksne som skal ivareta born med svekka syn, treng å vera observante, fagleg dyktige og aktive gjennom eigen kropp. For å tilrettelegge miljø ut frå borna sine premissar, gjennom bruk av alle sansar, må ein som vaksen vere klar over si rolle som motivator og pådrivar. Ein må sjølv reflektere over si eiga rolle og vere vàr for borna sine kroppslege signal. Forventningane ein stiller til ein med svekka syn, må vera realistiske og store nok i forhold til meistring og utvikling for den enkelte. Å vera observant i fohold til når ein skal støtte og hjelpe og når barnet meistrar sjølv er naudsynt.
Avslutningsvis forsøker eg å oppsummere og poengtere kor viktig motorisk aktivitet er i forhold til ei heilskapleg utvikling. Å få vera fysisk aktiv, trass i ei funksjonshemming som nedsett syn kan vera, gir ringverknader langt uotver her og no. Å kjenna meistring over eigen kropp er for ein med ein liten sysnsrest, viktig sett i lys av livslang læring og å meistra eige liv og klara seg sjølv. Samstundes vert det trekt opp linjer til menneskesyn, samfunnet og utdanningsinstitusjonar, i forhold til korleis det påverkar kvardagen til born med nedsett syn. Forskning på området førskuleborn med svekka syn kontra motorisk aktivitet er det lite av, noko som gjer behovet for ei slik type forsking aktuell å setje søkelyset på
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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