1,720,983 research outputs found
Fatores de risco para aterosclerose relacionado ao nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória em adolescentes
Get PDFOrientador : Wagner de CamposDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Exercício e esport
Atividade física e Síndrome metabólica em adolescentes
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Wagner de CamposTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Curso de Pós-Graduaçao em Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 17/08/2011Bibliografia: fls. 108-126Área de concentração: Exercício e esporteResumo: As doencas do aparelho circulatorio sao, em geral, dependentes da incidencia de fatores de risco. Porem, apesar de um unico fator de risco ser capaz de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de doencas cardiovasculares, eles tendem a se agregar, potencializando a geracao de um efeito de multiplicacao de risco no desenvolvimento de doencas cronicas. Um bom exemplo de agregacao dos fatores de risco e a "sindrome metabolica" (SM), diagnosticada pela coexistencia de pelo menos tres dos seguintes fatores de risco: obesidade abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia, baixa concentracao plasmatica de ghigh density lipoprotein cholesterol h (HDL-C), hipertensao arterial e hiperglicemia em jejum. Apesar das evidencias cientificas de que a origem da SM pode ocorrer prematuramente, ainda sao limitadas as informacoes considerando a etiologia da SM relacionada a pratica de atividade fisica na populacao pediatrica. Neste sentido, esta investigacao teve como objetivo associar o diagnostico de SM com a pratica de atividade fisica em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Participaram deste inquerito epidemiologico transversal de base escolar, 391 escolares com idades entre 10 e 18 anos. A mensuracao da atividade fisica foi feita atraves do metodo objetivo, utilizando o acelerometro. Os counts alcancados nas diferentes atividades foram convertidos em equivalentes metabolicos (METs) e classificados como atividade moderada . 3,0 e vigorosa . 6,0 METs. Para se obter informacoes referentes ao comportamento alimentar dos escolares foi empregado questionario simplificado para auto-avaliacao de alimentos associados ao risco de doencas coronarianas, desenvolvido e validado por Chiara e Sichieri. Para definicao da SM foi utilizado a proposta adaptada para populacao pediatrica do NCEP-ATP III: presenca no mesmo sujeito de tres ou mais dos seguintes criterios: pressao arterial sistolica e/ou diastolica . percentil 90o para idade, sexo e percentil de altura; triglicerides . 110mg/dL; HDL-colesterol . 40mg/dL; glicemia de jejum . 110mg/dL; circunferencia da cintura . percentil 90o para idade e sexo. Escore de risco metabolico continuo tambem foi calculado para a agregacao dos fatores de risco de sindrome metabolica. Para analise estatistica foram empregados testes t de Student, testes de Qui-quadrado, correlacao de Pearson, regressao de Poisson e An lise de Variancia de um fator. Curva ROC foi produzida para determinacao do ponto de corte em minutos/dia de pratica de atividade fisica moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) para prevencao da SM. Os resultado indicaram que os rapazes apresentaram maior tempo medio diario em atividade fisica moderada (96,1 } 39,6 min.dia) e vigorosa (9,7 } 8,8 min.dia) do que as mocas (moderada: 73,7 } 37,7 mim.dia; vigorosa: 6,1 } 6,8), sendo os mais novos (10 a < 14 anos) fisicamente mais ativos que seus pares mais velhos (14 a < 18 anos) em ambos os sexos. O diagnostico de SM esteve presente em 3,4% da amostra (rapazes: 2,6%; mocas: 4,0%). Individuos obesos apresentaram elevada prevalencia de SM (29,6%) comparados a seus pares com sobrepeso e eutroficos. Associacao inversa estatisticamente significativa foi observada da pratica de AFMV com o escore de risco metabolico, indicando que quanto mais tempo engajados em atividade fisica de intensidade moderada-vigorosa menor o escore de risco dos componentes agregados. Sugere-se que os escolares devem realizar aproximadamente 88 min./dia de AFMV para manutencao de um estilo que vida que roporcione um perfil metabolico saudavel. Estes achados reforcam as evidencias previas de que a pratica de atividade fisica esta relacionada a SM em adolescentes. Assim, quando se leva em conta as relacoes de custo-efetividade em longo prazo, estrategias de prevencao devem ser elaboradas para aumentar a pratica regular de atividade fisica na populacao pediatrica desde o ensino fundamental.Abstract: The development of cardiovascular diseases depends on the presence of risk factors. Usually, the existence of one risk factor is enough to lead to cardiovascular disease. However, cardiovascular risk factors tend to occur simultaneously and this process is related to faster disease development. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is an example of such process and is characterized by the cluster of at least three of the following risk factors: abdominal adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), arterial hypertension and fasting hyperglycemia. Although scientific evidence egarding premature MS development exists, there is still limited evidence about its etiology in the pediatric population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of MS with physical activity (PA) level in adolescents. Three hundred and ninety one school-age adolescents (10 to 18 yr) participated in this study. Established accelerometer count cut-off points were used to estimate time spent in moderate (.3.0 METs) and vigorous (.6.0 METs) physical activity. The questionnaire developed by Chiara and Sichieri was used to assess food consumption related to cardiovascular risk factors. Metabolic syndrome was classified according to the criteria proposed by the NCEPATP III, which is characterized by the presence of at least three of the following risk factors: systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure . 90th percentile for the respective age, sex, and height; tryglicerides . 110 mg.dL-1; HDL-C . 40 mg.dL-1; fasting glycemia . 110 mg.dL-1; waist circumference . 90th percentile for the respective age and sex. Metabolic risk score was calculated based on the cluster of risk factors for MS. Student fs t-test, chi-square test, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Poisson regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to verify statistical differences and associations between PA levels and risk for metabolic syndrome. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine a cut-off point (min.day-1) for minimum amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) required for MS prevention. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Male adolescents spent more time in moderate (96.1 } 39.6 min.day-1) and vigorous (9.7 } 8.8 min.day-1) PA than their female peers (moderate: 73.7 } 37.7 min.day-1; vigorous: 6.1 } 6.8 min.day- 1). For both sexes, younger adolescents (10 to < 14 yr) were more physically active than older adolescents (14 to < 18 yr). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 3.4% of the sample (males: 2.6%; females: 4.0%), with a higher prevalence of MS in obese participants (29.6%) compared to overweight and normal-weight participants. Time spent in MVPA was inversely related to the metabolic risk score. The minimum amount of MVPA required for a healthy metabolic profile was 88 min.day-1. These findings suggest that the regular practice of PA is related to a reduction in metabolic syndrome risk in adolescents. Therefore, PA can be used as a cost-effective MS prevention strategy in elementary school
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Risco cardiometabólico de trabalhadores da saúde : um olhar a partir de análises de machine learning
Get PDFOrientador: Prof. Dr. Wilson RinaldiTese (doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 2022RESUMO: O aumento da expectativa de vida, estilo de vida inadequado, crises epidemiológicas e a desigualdade em acesso à serviços de saúde, demandam urgentemente atualizações tecnológicas com valores de previsões robustas e cenários alternativos que possam mapear futuros problemas de saúde. O uso de algoritmos de machine learning que leve em conta a variabilidade genética, fenotípica individual associada ao meio ambiente e estilo de vida, abre uma perspectiva para aplicação em escala populacional de um diagnóstico de precisão. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal desta tese é propor ferramentas de machine learning para a análise de risco cardiometabólico em trabalhadores da saúde. Tendo como objetivos específicos: a) realizar uma revisão sistemática na literatura e estimar a precisão diagnóstica de modelos preditivos de doenças cardiometabólicas; b) comparar as redes de fatores de risco cardiometabólico em trabalhadores com e sem doença de um Hospital Escola do Sul do Brasil.; c) aplicar algoritmos de clusterização para definir perfis de risco cardiometabólico em trabalhadores da saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com 560 dados de servidores de um hospital escola nos anos de 2016 e 2018. O artigo 1 traz o estado da arte das publicações de modelos preditivos de doença cardiometabólica e a precisão diagnóstica de modelos preditivos, por meio da metanálise. Para as análises estatísticas descritivas foram apresentadas valores médios e intervalos de confiança de 95% para caracterizar a população. Para a confecção do artigo 2 foi utilizado o método ggmModSelect (Gaussian Graphical Models Mod Select), um algoritmo não regularizado potencialmente rápido para estimativa de rede com base principalmente no algoritmo glasso em combinação com a seleção do modelo BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion). No artigo 3 foi utilizado a análise estatística de agrupamento (clustering), com a utilização do algoritmo K- Means , uma técnica de análise exploratória de dados que agrupa objetos heterogêneos em gruposhomogêneos. A partir dos resultados, é possível verificar a escassez de estudos sobre aprendizagem de máquina e preditores de atividade física. Além disso, no artigo 2 é possível observar que a variável mais forte foi o IMC, seguido de circunferência abdominal, glicemia e horas de sono na rede de doenças cardiometabólicas, demostrando um maior impacto de variáveis antropométricas e fisiológicas nos sujeitos com alguma complicação metabólica, quando comparado a sujeitos sem doenças. Os resultados do artigo 3, apontam para a criação de 3 clusters. O uso de agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos identificou alta proporção de trabalhadores com presença de alterações cardiometabólicas relevantes. A análise em cluster é importante para possibilitar um olhar sem rotulo, com resultados, em muitos momentos inesperados. Focar em medidas preventivas e de baixo custo é algo essencial para a preparação da população para os desafios futuros, frente as diversas pandemias e avanços tecnológicosABSTRACT: The increase in life expectancy, inadequate lifestyle, epidemiological crises and inequality in access to health services, urgently demand technological updates with robust forecast values and alternative scenarios that can map future health problems. The use of machine learning algorithms that take into account the genetic and individual phenotypic variability associated with the environment and lifestyle opens a perspective for population-scale application of precision diagnosis. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to propose machine learning tools for the analysis of cardiometabolic risk in health workers. Having as specific objectives: a) to carry out a systematic review of the literature and estimate the diagnostic accuracy of predictive models of cardiometabolic diseases; b) to compare the networks of cardiometabolic risk factors in workers with and without disease at a Teaching Hospital in the South of Brazil; c) apply clustering algorithms to define cardiometabolic risk profiles in health workers. The research was carried out with 560 data from servers of a teaching hospital in the years 2016 and 2018. Article 1 brings the state of the art of publications of predictive models of cardiometabolic disease and the diagnostic accuracy of predictive models, through meta-analysis. For descriptive statistical analysis, mean values and 95% confidence intervals were presented to characterize the population. For the preparation of article 2, the ggmModSelect method (Gaussian Graphical Models Mod Select) was used, a potentially fast unregulated algorithm for network estimation based mainly on the glasso algorithm in combination with the selection of the BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) model. In article 3, clustering statistical analysis was used, using the K-Means algorithm, an exploratory data analysis technique that groups heterogeneous objects into homogeneous groups. From the results, it is possible to verify the scarcity of studies on machine learning and physical activity predictors. In addition, in article 2, it is possible to observe that the strongest variable was BMI, followed by abdominal circumference, blood glucose and hours of sleep in the network of cardiometabolic diseases, showing a greater impact of anthropometric and physiological variables in subjects with some metabolic complication, when compared to subjects without diseases. The results of article 3 points to the creation of 3 clusters. The use of cardiometabolic risk factors grouping identified a high proportion of workers with the presence of relevant cardiometabolic alterations. Cluster analysis is important to enable an unlabeled look, with results, in many unexpected moments. Focusing on preventive and low-cost measures is essential to prepare the population for future challenges, in the face of various pandemics and technological advances.145 f. : il. (algumas color.)
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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