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Correction to: "Earthquake fracture energy inferred from kinematic rupture models on extended faults" (vol 110, art no B12303, 2005)
No full textOn the mechanical work absorbed on faults during earthquake ruptures
No full textIn this paper we attempt to reconcile a theoretical understanding of the earthquake energy balance with current geologic understanding of fault zones, with seismological estimates of fracture energy on faults, and with geological measurements of surface energy in fault gouges. In particular, we discuss the mechanical work absorbed on the fault plane during the propagation of a dynamic earthquake rupture. We show that, for realistic fault zone models, all the mechanical work is converted in frictional work defined as the irreversible work against frictional stresses. We note that the γeffof Kostrov and Das (1988) is zero for cracks lacking stress singularities, and thus does not contribute to the work done on real faults. Fault shear tractions and slip velocities inferred seismologically are phenomenological variables at the macroscopic scale. We define the macroscopic frictional work and we discuss how it is partitioned into surface energy and heat (the latter includes real heat as well as plastic deformation and the radiation damping of Kostrov and Das). Tinti et al. (2005) defined and measured breakdown work for recent earthquakes, which is the excess of work over some minimum stress level associated with the dynamic fault weakening. The comparison between geologic measurements of surface energy and breakdown work revealed that 1–10% of breakdown work went into the creation of fresh fracture surfaces (surface energy) in large earthquakes, and the remainder went into heat. We also point out that in a realistic fault zone model the transition between heat and surface energy can lie anywhere below the slip weakening curve
Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties in Interpolated Ground Motions – Example from the Kashiwasaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant recordings of the 16 July 2007 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki, Japan, Earthquake
No full textUSGSUnpublished4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismiciope
Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties in Interpolated Ground Motions – Example from the Kashiwasaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant recordings of the 16 July 2007 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki, Japan, Earthquake
No full textUSGSUnpublished4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismiciope
Effects of super−shear rupture speed on the high frequency content of S−waves investigated using spontaneous dynamic rupture models and isochrone theory
No full textThis paper achieves three goals: 1) It demonstrates that crack tips governed by friction laws including slip–weakening, rate–and state–dependent laws, and thermal pressurization of pore fluids, propagating at super–shear speed have slip velocity functions with reduced high frequency content compared to crack tips traveling at sub–shear speeds. This is demonstrated
using a fully dynamic, spontaneous, 3–D earthquake model, in which we calculate fault slip velocity at nine points (locations) distributed along a quarter–circle on the fault where the rupture is traveling at super–shear speed in the in–plane direction and sub–shear speed in the
anti–plane direction. This holds for a fault governed by the linear slip–weakening constitutive equation, by slip–weakening with thermal pressurization of pore fluid and by rate– and state–dependent laws with thermal pressurization. The same is also true even assuming a highly heterogeneous initial shear stress field on the fault. 2) Using isochrone theory we derive a general expressions for the spectral characteristics and geometric spreading of two pulses
arising from super–shear rupture, the well–known Mach wave, and a second lesser known
pulse caused by rupture acceleration. 3) The paper demonstrates that the Mach cone
amplification of high frequencies overwhelms the deamplification of high frequency content in the slip velocity functions in super–shear ruptures. Consequently, when earthquake ruptures travel at super–shear speed, a net enhancement of high frequency radiation is expected, and the alleged “low” peak accelerations observed for the 2002 Denali and other large earthquakes are
probably not caused by diminished high frequency content in the slip velocity function, as has been speculated.In press3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della TerraJCR Journalope
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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