1,724,122 research outputs found
The Social Impact of Natural Language Processing
No full textMedical sciences have long since established an ethics code for experiments, to minimize the risk of harm to subjects. Natural language processing (NLP) used to involve mostly anonymous corpora, with the goal of enriching linguistic analysis, and was therefore unlikely to raise ethical concerns. As NLP becomes increasingly wide-spread and uses more data from social media, however, the situation has changed: the outcome of NLP experiments and applications can now have a direct effect on individual users’ lives. Until now, the discourse on this topic in the field has not followed the technological development, while public discourse was often focused on exaggerated dangers. This position paper tries to take back the initiative and start a discussion. We identify a number of social implications of NLP and discuss their ethical significance, as well as ways to address them
Internal shock model for microquasars
No full textWe present a model for the radio outbursts of microquasars based on the assumption of quasi-continuous jet ejection. The jets are 'lit up' by shock fronts traveling along the jets during outbursts. The shocks accelerate relativistic particles which emit the observed synchrotron radiation. The observed comparatively flat decay light curves combined with gradually steepening spectral slopes are explained by a superposition of the radiation of the aging relativistic particle population left behind by the shocks. This scenario is the low energy, time-resolved equivalent to the internal shock model for GRBs. We show that this model predicts energy contents of the radiating plasma similar to the plasmon model. At the same time, the jet model relaxes the severe requirements on the central source in terms of the rate at which this energy must be supplied to the jet. Observations of 'mini-bursts' with flat spectral slopes and of infrared emission far from the source centre suggest two different states of jet ejections: (i) A 'mini-burst' mode with relatively stable jet production and weak radio emission with flat spectra and (ii) an outburst mode with strong variations in the jet bulk velocities coupled with strong radio emission with steeper spectra. We also show that the continuous jets in microquasars should terminate in strong shocks and possibly inflate radio lobes similar to extragalactic jet sources. We investigate the possibility of testing the predictions of this model with resolved radio observations. Finally, we suggest that Doppler-shifted X-ray iron lines, and possibly H-alpha lines, may be emitted by the jet flow of microquasars if thermal instabilities analogous to those in SS433 exist in their jets
Towards a paradigm shift in chronic low back pain?: Identification of patient profiles to guide treatment
No full textKleuver, M. de [Promotor]Ostelo, R.W.J.G. [Promotor]Spruit, M. [Copromotor
De spruit-wortelverhouding bij buntgras (Corynephorus canescens (L.) P.B.)
No full textVerslag van metingen van de verhouding tussen de hoeveelheid biomassa van wortel en spruit op typische standplaatsen van dit pioniergras op zandverstuivingen, gekombineerd met enige proeven naar de invloed van bemesting op de spruit/wortelverhouding bij dit gras en bij enige grassen die het in de successie opvolgen (Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Agrostis tenuis en Lolium perenne
Tayler-Spruit dynamo in binary neutron star merger remnants
No full textInternational audienceIn binary neutron star mergers, the remnant can be stabilized by differential rotation before it collapses into a black hole. Therefore, the angular momentum transport mechanisms are crucial for predicting the lifetime of the hypermassive neutron star. One such mechanism is the Tayler-Spruit dynamo, and recent simulations have shown that it could grow in proto-neutron stars formed during supernova explosions. We aim to investigate whether hypermassive neutron stars with high neutrino viscosity could be unstable to the Tayler-Spruit dynamo and study how magnetic fields would evolve in this context. Using a one-zone model based on the result of a 3D GRMHD simulation, we investigate the time evolution of the magnetic fields generated by the Tayler-Spruit dynamo. In addition, we analyze the dynamics of the 3D GRMHD simulation to determine whether the dynamo is present. Our one-zone model predicts that the Tayler-Spruit dynamo can increase the toroidal magnetic field to G and the dipole field to amplitudes G. The dynamo's growth timescale depends on the initial large-scale magnetic field right after the merger. In the case of a long-lived hypermassive neutron star, an initial magnetic field of G would be enough for the magnetic field to be amplified in a few seconds. However, we show that the resolution of the current GRMHD simulations is insufficient to resolve the Tayler-Spruit dynamo due to high numerical dissipation at small scales. We find that the Tayler-Spruit dynamo could occur in hypermassive neutron stars and shorten their lifetime, which would have consequences on multi-messenger observations
Correction to: The ‘can do, do do’ concept in COPD; quadrant interpretation, affiliation and tracking longitudinal changes
No full textFollowing publication of the original article [1], the authors identified a mistake in the author names, as both forename and initials were stated. Initially published author names: A. J. Alex van ’t Hul, E. H. Noortje Koolen, H. W. Jeroen van Hees, B. Bram van den Borst and M. A. Martijn Spruit Correct author names: Alex J. van ‘t Hul, Noortje H. Koolen, Jeroen W. van Hees, Bram van den Borst, Martijn A. Spruit. The original article has been corrected.</p
J.E. Spruit, Enchiridium. Een geschiedenis van het Romeinse privaatrecht
No full textJones Huguette. J.E. Spruit, Enchiridium. Een geschiedenis van het Romeinse privaatrecht. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 65, 1996. p. 525
Emblems, science and philosophy. Some methodological reflections
No full textItem does not contain fulltex
J. E. Spruit en KL Bongenaar, De Instituten van Gaius
No full textJones Huguette. J. E. Spruit en KL Bongenaar, De Instituten van Gaius. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 55, 1986. p. 543
Translationele datawetenschap in populatiegerichte zorg
No full textRede uitgesproken door Prof. Dr. Marco Spruit bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar met als leeropdracht
Advanced Data Science in Population Health aan de Universiteit Leiden op 1 april 2022LUMC / Geneeskund
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