130,463 research outputs found
RESTORING LEGITIMACY IN THE AFTERMATH OF CORPORATE SCANDALS: A MULTIPLE CASE-STUDY ANALYSIS ON CSR INITIATIVES
No full textCorporate scandals undermine integrity and reputation, in that generating a legitimacy gap. Through a multiple-case study analysis, this paper provides qualitative evidence on the CSR initiatives undertaken by Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in response to CSR-related scandals, in order to restore their legitimacy to operate. We consider four scandals in the apparel industry that “hit the headlines”, namely Walmart, Moncler, Nike, and H&M. We classify CSR initiatives according to the dimensions of corporate behaviour framed by Sethi (1975) and interpret them through the lens of the legitimacy theory. Our findings show that all MNEs undertook several CSR initiatives, primarily acting on ethical norms, operating strategies and social accountability. They tended to issue or revise code of conducts, develop new relational approaches with the suppliers, and publish the CSR report, while neglected or made limited reference to the external assurance of CSR reports. Some MNEs also accepted investigations by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on their initiatives. Besides such common behaviours, some differences arise, especially with respect to the MNEs attitude towards the refusal or admission of their responsibility in the scandals. Our study confirms previous arguments suggested by CSR literature by providing evidence that MNEs shape both the internal and external environment to make it more favourable to ethical behaviours, and rely on social and environmental accountability to pursue legitimacy, even in a peculiar situation like a corporate scandal. The study contributes to the scant but growing literature on CSR in the aftermath of corporate scandals
Endoparassitosi bovine in Val d'Aveto
No full textA survey was carried out on bovine endoparasitoses in Val d'Aveto (GE), Italy. The 90% of the 135 involved herds was found positive for parasites. The parasites found in the 392 examined animals were gastro-intestinal strongyles (67%), coccidia (20%), Dicrocelium dendriticum (17%), Fasciola hepatica (9%) and Paramphistomum spp (1%). Grazing practice is associated with higher prevalences. The occurrence of parasites in the local breed Cabannin a did not differ from that of the general examined cattle populatio
COVID-19 patients and Dementia : Frontal cortex transcriptomic data
No full textSince the association of SARS-Cov-2 infection with Nervous System (NS) manifestations, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis in Frontal Cortex of COVID-19 positive or negative individuals and affected or not by Dementia individuals. We examined gene expression differences in individuals with COVID-19 and Dementia compared to Dementia only patients by collecting transcript counts in each sample and performing Differential Expression analysis. We found eleven genes satisfying our significance criteria, all of them being protein coding genes. These data are suitable for integration with supplemental samples and for analysis according to different individuals’ classification. Also, differential expression evaluation may be implemented with other scientific purposes, such as research of unannotated genes, mRNA splicing and genes isoforms. The analysis of Differential Expressed genes in COVID-19 positive patients compared to non-COVID-19 patients is published in: S. Gagliardi, E.T. Poloni, C. Pandini, M. Garofalo, F. Dragoni, V. Medici, A. Davin, S.D. Visonà, M. Moretti, D. Sproviero, O. Pansarasa, A. Guaita, M. Ceroni, L. Tronconi, C. Cereda, Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome and whole transcriptome sequencing in frontal cortex of COVID-19 patients., Brain. Behav. Immun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.012
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Contribución de los grupos benzoilos de la penta-O-benzoil-D-manopiranosa a la formación de N-benzoil-D-manopiranosilamina y 1,1-bis(benzamido)-1-desoxi-D-manitol
No full text1- Las penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosas selectivamente marcadas con benzoílo (carbonilo-14C), se prepararon mediante benzoilación por fusión de derivados de metil-α-D-manopiranósidos parcial o totalmente bonzoilados. Esta reacción, permitió reemplazar grupos metilo, tritilo y/o etiliden porbenzoílos con rendimientos aceptables. Se propuso una interpretaciónmecanística de la misma. 2- Se demostró la ausencia de migraciones intramoleculares del tipo 0->0 delos grupos benzoílos en la reacción de fusión. 3- Se comprobó que el grupo l-O-benzoílo de la penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa intercambia con los benzoílos presentes en el medio de reacción durante la fusión benzoilante. Bajo condiciones análogas no se observó intercambio de los grupos benzoiloxi de los carbonos restantes (C-2, C-3, C-4, C-6). 4- Se efectuó un estudio detallado de las conformaciones preferenciales de los derivados manopiranósicos. 5- Se discutieron los mecanismos propuestos por otros autores, para explicar en la amonólisis metanólica de acil derivados de monosacáridos, la formación de N-acil-glicosilaminas y l,l-bis(acilamido)-l-desoxi-polioles. 6- Se determinaron las contribuciones individuales aparentes de los gruposbenzoílos de la penta-C-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa, a la formación de 1,1-bis (benzamido)-1-desoxi-D-manitol y N-benzoíl-D-manopiranosilamina, siendo losvalores determinados para esta última, los primeros que se establecen parauna N-acil-glicosilamina. 7- En base a los valores de contribución obtenidos y a los mecanismos considerados se postuló la existencia de un intermediario común, a partir del cual, se formarían N-benzoíl-D-manopiranosilamina y 1,l-bis(benzamido)-l-desoxi-D-manitol. 8- Los valores de contribución de los distintos grupos benzoílo a la formación de D-manosa-dibenzamida se correlacionaron con los obtenidos respectivamente por otros autores para D-glucosa-dibenzamida, D-galactosa-dibenzamida y L-arabinosa-dibenzamida. 9- Se propuso una interpretación para explicar la mayor contribución relativa, del grupo 2-O-benzoílo de la penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa, respecto a las contribuciones de los benzoiloxi en el carbono análogo de los derivados piranósicos benzoilados de D-glucosa, D-galactosa y L-arabinosa, a la formación de la aldosa-diamida respectiva. 10- Se prepararon las siguientes sustancias no descriptas en la literatura:a- Metil-2-O-bcnzoíl-3-O-nitro-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.b- Metil-2-O—benzoíl-4,5-O-etiliden-O-α-D-manósido.c- Metil-2,3-di-O-benzoíl-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.d- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-3-O-nitro-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.e- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.f- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-3-O-benzoíl-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.g- Metil-2,3-di-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.h- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-6-O-tritil-α-D-manósido.i- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-6-O-benzoíl-α-D-manósido.j- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl-6-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manósido,k- Metil-tetra-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manósido.l- l,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoíl-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.m- l,4,6-tri-O-benzoíl-2,3-di-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.n- l,4,6-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-2,3-di-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.ñ- 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-1,6-di-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.o- l,2,3,4-tetra-O-benzoíl-6-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.p- 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-l-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.Fil: Bertiche, Enrique Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Contribución de los grupos benzoilos de la penta-O-benzoil-D-manopiranosa a la formación de N-benzoil-D-manopiranosilamina y 1,1-bis(benzamido)-1-desoxi-D-manitol
No full text1- Las penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosas selectivamente marcadas con benzoílo (carbonilo-14C), se prepararon mediante benzoilación por fusión de derivados de metil-α-D-manopiranósidos parcial o totalmente bonzoilados. Esta reacción, permitió reemplazar grupos metilo, tritilo y/o etiliden porbenzoílos con rendimientos aceptables. Se propuso una interpretaciónmecanística de la misma. 2- Se demostró la ausencia de migraciones intramoleculares del tipo 0->0 delos grupos benzoílos en la reacción de fusión. 3- Se comprobó que el grupo l-O-benzoílo de la penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa intercambia con los benzoílos presentes en el medio de reacción durante la fusión benzoilante. Bajo condiciones análogas no se observó intercambio de los grupos benzoiloxi de los carbonos restantes (C-2, C-3, C-4, C-6). 4- Se efectuó un estudio detallado de las conformaciones preferenciales de los derivados manopiranósicos. 5- Se discutieron los mecanismos propuestos por otros autores, para explicar en la amonólisis metanólica de acil derivados de monosacáridos, la formación de N-acil-glicosilaminas y l,l-bis(acilamido)-l-desoxi-polioles. 6- Se determinaron las contribuciones individuales aparentes de los gruposbenzoílos de la penta-C-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa, a la formación de 1,1-bis (benzamido)-1-desoxi-D-manitol y N-benzoíl-D-manopiranosilamina, siendo losvalores determinados para esta última, los primeros que se establecen parauna N-acil-glicosilamina. 7- En base a los valores de contribución obtenidos y a los mecanismos considerados se postuló la existencia de un intermediario común, a partir del cual, se formarían N-benzoíl-D-manopiranosilamina y 1,l-bis(benzamido)-l-desoxi-D-manitol. 8- Los valores de contribución de los distintos grupos benzoílo a la formación de D-manosa-dibenzamida se correlacionaron con los obtenidos respectivamente por otros autores para D-glucosa-dibenzamida, D-galactosa-dibenzamida y L-arabinosa-dibenzamida. 9- Se propuso una interpretación para explicar la mayor contribución relativa, del grupo 2-O-benzoílo de la penta-O-benzoíl-α-D-manopiranosa, respecto a las contribuciones de los benzoiloxi en el carbono análogo de los derivados piranósicos benzoilados de D-glucosa, D-galactosa y L-arabinosa, a la formación de la aldosa-diamida respectiva. 10- Se prepararon las siguientes sustancias no descriptas en la literatura:a- Metil-2-O-bcnzoíl-3-O-nitro-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.b- Metil-2-O—benzoíl-4,5-O-etiliden-O-α-D-manósido.c- Metil-2,3-di-O-benzoíl-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.d- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-3-O-nitro-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.e- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.f- Metil-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-3-O-benzoíl-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.g- Metil-2,3-di-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-4,6-O-etiliden-α-D-manósido.h- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-6-O-tritil-α-D-manósido.i- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-6-O-benzoíl-α-D-manósido.j- Metil-2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl-6-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manósido,k- Metil-tetra-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manósido.l- l,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoíl-2-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.m- l,4,6-tri-O-benzoíl-2,3-di-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.n- l,4,6-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-2,3-di-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.ñ- 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-1,6-di-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.o- l,2,3,4-tetra-O-benzoíl-6-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-α-D-manosa.p- 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoíl(carbonilo-14C)-l-O-benzoíl-α-D-manosa.Fil: Bertiche, Enrique Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Advances with long non-coding rnas in alzheimer’s disease as peripheral biomarker
No full textOne of the most compelling needs in the study of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the characterization of cognitive decline peripheral biomarkers. In this context, the theme of altered RNA processing has emerged as a contributing factor to AD. In particular, the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated to AD is opening new perspectives in AD research. This class of RNAs may offer numerous starting points for new investigations about pathogenic mechanisms and, in particular, about peripheral biomarkers. Indeed, altered lncRNA signatures are emerging as potential diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we have collected and fully explored all the presented data about lncRNAs and AD in the peripheral system to offer an overview about this class of non-coding RNAs and their possible role in AD
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