1,721,086 research outputs found
Supplementary data to "The healthiness and sustainability of national and global food-based dietary guidelines: a modelling study"
No full textThe data was processed using GAMS and written out to MS Excel to increase accessibility and allow general use. The dataset includes detailed country-level results of an analysis of national and global food-based dietary guidelines with respect to their health and environmental impacts. The abstract of the associated journal article is appended below. Objectives: To analyse the health and environmental implications of adopting national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) at a national level and in comparison to global health and environmental targets. Design: We used a graded coding method to extract quantitative recommendations from 85 FBDGs, and then assessed their health and environmental impacts by using a comparative risk assessment of chronic-disease mortality and a set of country-specific environmental footprints for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, freshwater use, cropland use, and fertilizer application. For comparison, we also analysed the impacts of adopting global dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the EAT-Lancet Commission on Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. Main outcome measures and Setting: We assessed each guideline’s health and sustainability implications by modelling its adoption at both the national and global level, and comparing the impacts to global health and environmental targets, including the Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Agenda, the Paris Climate Agreement, the Aichi Biodiversity targets related to land use, and the Sustainable Development Goals and planetary boundaries related to freshwater use and fertilizer application. Results: Adoption of national FBDGs was associated with reductions in premature mortality of 15% on average (95% uncertainty interval, 13% to 16%), and mixed changes in environmental resource demand, including a reduction in GHG emissions of 13% on average (regional range, -34% to +35%). When universally adopted globally, most of the national guidelines (83, 98%) were not compatible with at least one of the global health and environmental targets. About a third of the FBDGs (29, 34%) were incompatible with the NCD Agenda, and most (57 to 74, 67% to 87%) were incompatible with the Paris Climate Agreement and other environmental targets. In comparison, adoption of the WHO recommendations was associated with similar health and environmental changes, whilst adoption of the EAT-Lancet recommendations was associated with 34% greater reductions in premature mortality, more than three times greater reductions in GHG emissions, and general attainment of the global health and environmental targets. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that national guidelines could be both healthier and more sustainable. Providing clearer advice on limiting in most contexts the consumption of animal source foods, in particular beef and dairy, was found to have the greatest potential for increasing the environmental sustainability of dietary guidelines, whereas increasing the intake of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, and legumes, reducing the intake of red and processed meat, and highlighting the importance of attaining balanced energy intake and weight levels were associated with most of the additional health benefits. The health results were based on observational data and assuming a causal relationship between dietary risk factors and health outcomes. The certainty of evidence for these relationships is mostly graded as moderate in existing meta-analysis
Mitigation potential and global health impacts from emissions pricing of food commodities
No full textThe dataset contains global and country-level data described in the paper 'Mitigation potential and global health impacts from emissions pricing of food commodities' by Springmann, M., Mason-D'Croz, D., Robinson, S., Wiebe, K., Godfray, H.C.J., Rayner, M., Scarborough, P., Nature Climate Change, 2016
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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