88,684 research outputs found
Judgment Aggregation and the Problem of Tracking the Truth
No full textThe aggregation of consistent individual judgments on logically interconnected propositions into a collective judgment on those propositions has recently drawn much attention. Seemingly reasonable aggregation procedures, such as propositionwise majority voting, cannot ensure an equally consistent collective conclusion. The literature on judgment aggregation refers to that problem as the discursive dilemma. In this paper, we motivate that many groups do not only want to reach a factually right conclusion, but also want to correctly evaluate the reasons for that conclusion. In other words, we address the problem of tracking the true situation instead of merely selecting the right outcome. We set up a probabilistic model analogous to Bovens and Rabinowicz (2006) and compare several aggregation procedures by means of theoretical results, numerical simulations and practical considerations. Among them are the premise-based, the situation-based and the distance-based procedure. Our findings confirm the conjecture in Hartmann, Pigozzi and Sprenger (2008) that the premise-based procedure is a crude, but reliable and sometimes even optimal form of judgment aggregation
Characteristics of supersonic combustion with Hartmann-Sprenger tube aided fuel injection
No full textThe TDLAS and static pressure were used to investigate the combustion of the excited ethylene jet into the supersonic flow in this article. The jet was from the Hartmann-Sprenger tube, which was put into the traditional jet device. The jet was excited at three different frequencies and compared with the base case without excitation. The results showed that the higher static pressure could be obtained in the excited cases. The excited jet didn't only take effects on the jet shear layer, but also influenced the turbulence intensity near field, and the right excited frequency can short the mixing and combusting distance. The excited jet can help reduce the combustor length
Malleus maleficorum, ex plurimis authoribus coaceruatus : ac in duos tomos distinctus
No full textMallei maleficorum, ex multis authoribus conslati ... tomus alter, [24], 9-496 páginas, con portada propia ; Ex-libris ms. en port.: "Silva" ; Sello en portada: "Bibliotheca Collegii S. Stanislai Malacae" ; Encuadernación en pergamino ; Al verso de la portada consta: "Fr. Iacobi Sprenger & Fr. Henrici institoris ..." autores de la obra original Marca tipográfica en portadas ; Error de paginación, de página 272 pasa a 26
A note on "The no alternatives argument" by Richard Dawid, Stephan Hartmann and Jan Sprenger
No full textHerzberg F. A note on "The no alternatives argument" by Richard Dawid, Stephan Hartmann and Jan Sprenger. European Journal for Philosophy of Science. 2014;4(3):375-384.The defence of The No Alternatives Argument in a recent paper by R. Dawid, S. Hartmann and J. Sprenger (forthcoming in the British Journal for the Philosophy of Science; latest version: February 2013) rests on the assumption (among others) that the number of acceptable alternatives to a scientific hypothesis is independent of the complexity of the scientific problem. This note proves a generalisation of the main theorem by Dawid, Hartmann and Sprenger, where this independence assumption is no longer necessary. Some of the other assumptions are also discussed, and the limitations of (this formalisation of) the no-alternatives argument are explored
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Adeguamento cardiorespiratorio all'esercizio fisico nel paraplegico. Effetto dell'allenamento e del livello di lesione
No full textThis paper is aimed A) to extend the data base on the cardiorespiratory adjustments and on the level of physical fitness of spinal cord injury (SCI) subjects living in Italy, a country where participation in social and community activities is still quite difficult to wheelchair dependent individuals, and b) to evaluate the role played by training condition in respect to the role of injury levels in determining the maximal attainable performance capacity. A total of 24 male SCI were selected as follows: elite marathon racers with T1-T4 (n=4; 23-28 yrs; 49-65 kg BW) and T7-L2 (n=4, 22- 30 yrs, 59-67 kg BW) injury levels; T7-L2 moderately trained SCI basketball (n=16; 27±1 (SE) yrs, 70±3.4 kg BW). A group of age-and-gender matched sedentary able body individuals acted as controls. Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), pulmonary ventilation (V̇E) and heart rate (HR) were measured at the last min of 3-5 submaximal exercises of increasing intensities, each lasting 7 min, and at exhaustion (peak values, p), during wheelchair roller ergometer locomotion. Blood lactate concentration [LA] was also detected at the 5(th) min of recovery. During submaximal exercise HR/VO2, relationship increased linearly in all individuals with quite difference slopes: in marathon racers at a V̇O2=1500 ml·min-1 HR was almost maximal in T1-T4, and reached 120-140 b·min-1 in T7-L2. In T7-L2 moderately trained SCI a V̇O2=800 ml·min-1 was accompanied by a HR ranging between 90 and 140 b·min-1 (in controls between 95 and 120 b·min-1). V̇E was considerably different among subjects for a given V̇O2. At exhaustion V̇O2p and V̇Ep per kg and [LA]p were extraordinarily high for the small muscle mass activated. In T1-T4 marathon racers V̇O2 was 31±4 ml·min-1, V̇E 1184±102 ml·min-1 and [LA] 7.2±2 mmol·l-1, and, respectively, 43±2 ml·min-1, 1735±161 ml·min-1 and [LA] 13±1 mmol·l-1 in T7-L2. On the contrary, in the moderately trained basketball SCI and controls, 50% lower values were observed. When V̇O2 p values were evaluated as a function of the injury level in SCI with similar training condition, and the data from the literature were also taken into account, practically no changes occurred from L2 to T6. On the contrary from T6 to C6 a dramatic V̇O2p decrease was observed, reaching at C6 injury level a value about 50% lower. In conclusion, intense aerobic training increases the maximal capacity to perform exercise up to the double of the value of untrained SCI subjects with the same injury level. The level of injury impairs the maximal performance mainly above T6 where certain autonomic reflexes required for normal responses to exercise are disrupted
La valutazione fisica del soggetto con insufficienza mentale. Prove in laboratorio e rilievi in gara
No full textMentally disabled subjects active in various sports are considered in Italy as 'not competitive' by law, on the basis that their effort should be submaximal even during competitions. As few literature is available on this topic, aim of our work was to verify if the physical exertion during competition of subjects with mental retardation is effectively submaximal, as generally supposed. To this aim, heart rate was continuosly measured before, during and after athletic and soccer competitions in 10 subjects (9 oligophrenics; 1 Down sindrome). During competition-field recordings, peak heart rates were near, and in some case higher, to the theoretical maximal heart rate value, which suggests a high physical and emotional involvement of these subjects. During laboratory test, peak oxygen uptake and physical fitness variables were lower than those obtained in healty controls. In conclusion, unlike to the common opinion, competition effort in mentally disabled people is maximal. Thus these subjects have to the properly trained in order to increase their fitness level. Moreover we suggest to evaluate even the mentally disabled people with a more accurate medical examination, as required by law for healty subjects involved in competitive sports
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
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