1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Charakterisierung von Reaktionsholz in Laubastholz
No full textLaubbäume bilden als Reaktion auf externe Einflüsse, wie zum Beispiel mechanische Belastung, Geotropismus oder Phototropismus, Zugholz, welches in Stämmen als auch in Ästen gebildet werden kann. Laubholzäste werden aufgrund mangelnder Anwendungsmöglichkeiten fast ausschließlich thermisch verwertet. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurden Astscheiben von Buche (Fagus sylvatica), Eiche (Quercus petraea) und Pappel (Populus alba) auf das Vorkommen von Zugholz untersucht. Hierfür wurden Streifen aus Astscheiben geschnitten, diese wurden weiter in Holzwürfel unterteilt. Anschließend wurden für die jeweilige Methode 20 oder 30 μm dicke Dünnschnitte mit einem Schlittenmikrotom angefertigt. Die gewählten Methoden für die Analyse von Zugholz waren: die Färbemethode, die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und die Raman-Spektroskopie. Die Färbemethode wurden mit den Farblösungen Safranin und Astrablau durchgeführt. Durch Safranin werden ligninreiche Regionen im Holz rot eingefärbt, bei Astrablau kommt es in den zellulosereichen Arealen zu einer Blaufärbung. Durch die Anwendung dieser Farblösungen konnte die Ausprägung der Zugholzbereiche in den untersuchten Aststreifen durch eine auftretende Blaufärbung visualisiert werden, da Zugholz zu einem Großteil aus Zellulose besteht. Die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) diente der Untersuchung der Anatomie der Normalholz- und Zugholzzellen. In den untersuchten Zugholzzellen konnten eingeknickte Zellwände festgestellt werden, wodurch die Ergebnisse der Färbemethode verifiziert werden konnte. Die Raman- Spektroskopie diente der Beurteilung der Unterschiede im chemischen Aufbau von Normalholz und Zugholz. Die kombinierte Anwendung dieser Methoden führte zu einem besseren Verständnis des Zugholzes in Laubasthölzern. Es wurden Ähnlichkeiten zu Zugholz in Stammholz festgestellt, sowie wurden die Differenzen in der Struktur und chemischen Zusammensetzung im Vergleich zum Normalholz aufgezeigt.Deciduous trees form tension wood in response to environmental impacts, like phototropism, geotropism, or mechanical influences. This tension wood occurs in stems as well as in branches. Due to limited applications, these hardwood branches are widely used for thermal utilization. This thesis aimed to analyze tension wood in hardwood branches from beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus petraea), and poplar (Populus alba). A strip of wood was cut out of the branch slices, which was then cut into cubes. Then 20 or 30 μm thin sections were created to apply each of the analyzing methods and investigating them on a microscopic level. Three methods for the analyzation were used: staining method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman-spectroscopy. For the staining method, Safranin and Astrablue were used to visualize the tension wood regions in the investigated branch slices. Safranin reacts with lignin in wood and shows a red staining, while Astrablue reacts with cellulose and causes a blue staining in the wood. By using these two staining solutions a contrast between normal and tension wood was achieved. The tension wood regions in the branches showed an intense blue coloring, since tension wood mostly contains cellulose. These regions were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, whereas a comparison of the blue stained areas to normal wood cells was performed. This anatomical investigation showed folded cell walls, which identified as not occupying the whole cell, hence the confirmation of the presence of tension wood could be stated. Raman-Spectroscopy was used to perform a chemical mapping of the normal and tension wood cells, enabling a clear distinction of the two different types. By using these different methodologies, a better insight into tension wood in hardwood branches was gained. Similarities between tension wood in stems and branches were found. In addition, the differences between normal wood and tension wood were shown.verfasst von Agnes SpranzMasterarbeit Universität für Bodenkultur Wien 2024Mit englischer Zusammenfassun
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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